Role of transvaginal sonography in various gynecological disorders

Background: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a new diagnostic technique used for the evaluation of the female pelvis. The objective of the present study was to study the role of TVS and to assess the diagnostic accuracy in gynecological disorders.Methods: Total number of 100 patients attending OPDs with various complaints was selected by random technique of the study.  All the patients have informed consent and thorough clinical examination including general, systemic and pelvic examination was conducted after taking a detailed history then the patients underwent TVS followed by one of the procedures like fractional curettage, dilatation and curettage and abdominal hysterectomy (with or without conservation of ovaries) or conservative management with regular follow up.Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) was 100% and specificity was 85.1% and 95% respectively. For fibroids and ovarian mass diagnosis, sensitivity was 68.9% and 80.9% respectively and specificity was 100%. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 70.0% whereas TVS had 94.0% of diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing various gynecological disorders.Conclusions: The final outcome is that TVS examination is an important non-invasive investigation, can be used as important diagnostic method in various gynecological disorders as it has got a high diagnostic accuracy

Study of breastfeeding practices and problems among postnatal mothers: a hospital based study

Background: Breastfeeding has many health and developmental advantages for infant and mothers. Breastfeeding remains the simplest, healthiest and least expensive feeding method that fulfils the infant’s needs.Methods: 112 mothers having infants of age group less than 1 year were included in the study. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on breastfeeding practices in the initial six months of birth of the child. Study population were postnatal mothers in KIMS Hubli, Hospital IPD and OPD.Results: 112 lactating mothers were included in the study. Majority of subjects 86 (76.7%) were in the age group 21-30 years. About 43 (38.4%) lactating mother initiated breast feeding practices within 1 hour after the delivery. 63.4% of the infants received exclusive breast feeding. Lactation failure 40% and unsatisfactory growth of baby 50% were the main reasons for early weaning. Most common cause of delay in initiation in breast were caesarian section and delivery complication (53.12% and 21.88% respectively) Only 27 (24.1%) babies were given pre-lacteal feed.Conclusions: There is a need of giving information regarding breast feeding during antenatal visits to inform the mothers regarding proven facts of advantages of exclusive breastfeeding, as undesirable cultural practices such as giving pre-lacteals, late initiation of breast feeding are still prevalent among the community and these should be discouraged. For successful feeding, mothers need active support, care and privacy during pregnancy and following birth, not only of their families and communities but also of the entire health system

Alternative Methods of Seasonal Adjustment

Alternative methods for the seasonal adjustment of economic data are described that operate in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The time-domain method, which employs a classical comb filter, mimics the effects of the model-based procedures of the SEATS–TRAMO and STAMP programs. The frequency-domain method eliminates the sinusoidal elements of which, in the judgment of the user, the seasonal component is composed. It is proposed that, in some circumstances, seasonal adjustment is best achieved by eliminating all elements in excess of the frequency that marks the upper limit of the trend-cycle component of the data. It is argued that the choice of the method seasonal adjustment is liable to affect the determination of the turning points of the business cycle.Wiener–Kolmogorov Filtering; Frequency-Domain Methods; The Trend-Cycle Component

Real-time representations of the output gap

Methods are described for the appropriate use of data obtained and analysed in real time to represent the output gap. The methods employ cointegrating VAR techniques to model real-time measures and realizations of output series jointly. The model is used to mitigate the impact of data revisions; to generate appropriate forecasts that can deliver economically meaningful output trends and that can take into account the end-of-sample problems encountered in measuring these trends; and to calculate probability forecasts that convey in a clear way the uncertainties associated with the gap measures. The methods are applied to data for the United States 1965q4–2004q4, and the improvements over standard methods are illustrated

Counter-monumentalism in the Search for American Identity in Hawthorne\u27s The Scarlet Letter & The Marble Faun

This study examines the crisis of identity the United States was experiencing in the nineteenth-century through two of the major literary works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter and The Marble Faun. Hawthorne, who lived through this crucial and important developmental period, was concerned as to what this identity would be, how the United States would shape and define itself, and what its future would be if this identity was malformed. In addition, this study will look at counter-monuments as argued by James E. Young in his essay “The Counter-Monument: Memory against Itself in Germany Today” to expand on these issues of identity. If according to Young, the ideal goal of the counter-monument is “not to remain fixed but to change,” one can conclude that Hawthorne understood that national identity must be fluid; otherwise, the nation would crumble under the pressure and force of change

子宮体部漿液性癌における骨髄由来抑制細胞とCCL7シグナルを介した免疫抑制性腫瘍微小環境の解明

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24284号医博第4900号新制||医||1061(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 上野 英樹, 教授 髙折 晃史学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Investigating the role of band offset on the property and op-eration of the potential well barrier diodes

We gratefully acknowledge the School of Natural and Computing Sciences (SNCS), College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK for providing fund to support this workPeer reviewedPostprin

Planning for Sustainability: A New Unit of Spatial Planning for Driving Transition

The health and climate crisis are calling for an urgent re-evaluation of concepts such as resilience and sustainability and how we measure and implement them, sifting the debate towards the role urban design and planning play in driving urban transitions. Recent studies have been introduced to investigate the dynamics of the pandemic in urban areas and the ample literature on tools and methods for measuring vulnerabilities. The paper calls for a need to re-scale urban planning down to a human level by bridging space syntax attributes with measures of resilience. It introduces a data and evidence-based approach framework for driving urban transitions utilizing risk assessment (National Risk Index) and a vulnerability measuring index (City Resilience Index) to quantify spatial attributes which foster sustainable practices. A scenario testing method is proposed to make urban design more consistent with the strategic mission of urban planning driving resilience and transition

Do medical students want to learn about global health?

Conflicts of interest and funding: We declare that we have no conflicts of interest. A grant from the Partnership of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health funded this studyPeer reviewedPublisher PD