SOCIAL ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN RESOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS

The matter of role and influence of the United Nations in resolution of international conflicts is decisive because they demonstrate their legal presence at the national as well as international level. Throughout the paper, the authors insist on determination of resolution of international conflicts pursuant to Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. The basic hypothesis of the paper has been established on the premise by studying relevant provisions of 1945 Charter of the United Nations, 1949 Geneva Conventions and two additional protocols of 1977, United Nations resolutions, international treaties and international customary rules of war, it is possible to accurately determine the role, character and significance of the United Nations Security Council and the United Nations General Assembly in resolution of international conflicts. Furthermore, it is of interest to note that decisive significance for confirmation of the hypothesis lies with the objective image of the United Nations presented through mechanisms of the international law for resolution of armed conflicts. Furthermore, throughout the entire paper, the authors present international conflict resolution instruments as well as applicable legal consequences of effective resolution of the same, and ultimately, in the concluding considerations, they confirm that actions regarding resolution of armed conflicts are current, essential and timely

ODNOS EUROPSKOG DRUŠTVA I DIONIČKOG DRUŠTVA U ZAKONODAVSTVU BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE

Autori u članku potenciraju na činjenici da Bosna i Hercegovina nastoji postati punopravnom članicom Europske unije. Stoga, potpisujući Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju 2009. godine, Bosna i Hercegovina se obvezala poduzeti adekvatne mjere, koje će na koncu omogućiti uspostavu funkcionalnog gospodarskog okvira, putem osnivanja jedinstvenog ekonomskog prostora utemeljenog na četiri slobode kretanja. Intenziviranjem harmonizacije bosanskohercegovačkih propisa s pravom Europske unije, omogućit će osnivanje i poslovanje europskih društava (SE) na jedinstvenom ekonomskom prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine. Europsko društvo (SE) kao prvi nadnacionalni oblik gospodarskog društva na unutarnjem tržištu, već je pokazao zavidne komparativne prednosti spram društva reguliranih nacionalnim propisima. U skladu s tim, primarni cilj članka je da se utvrde promjene, koje su već izvršene u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine i koliko su učinkovite i primjenjive u praksi, te samim tim, koje je korake neophodno izvršiti, kako bi dioničko društvo u Bosni i Hercegovini moglo biti osnovano kao europsko društvo, čiji bi primarni cilj bio usmjeren ka pozitivnom poslovanju na teritoriju Bosne i Hercegovine i Europske unije

The role of the institution of ombudsman and courts in court proceedings in cases of discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Prilikom čitanja samog naslova članka, nužno je istaknuti ulogu i značaj Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava Bosne i Hercegovine, najvažnije nacionalne institucije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda. Shodno tome, po logici razmišljanja, jasno se može zaključiti da najvažniji segment djelovanja, gore pomenute nacionalne institucije, svakako jeste sprječavanje, odnosno eliminiranje svih oblika posredne i neposredne diskriminacije. U skladu s tim, autor je pored uvodnih i zaključnih razmatranja, članak odlučio podijeliti na četiri (4) radna dijela. U prvom dijelu članka, pod naslovom „Teorijska determiniranost diskriminacije“ daju se opšte informacije o pojmu, različitim oblicima i vrstama diskriminacije u skladu sa Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Za razliku od prvog, u drugom dijelu članka „Uloga ombudsmena u sudskom postupku dokazivanja diskriminacije“ nastoji se prezentirati zakonska pozicija Ombudsmena u sudskom postupku, uz obaveznu naznaku uvjeta za pokretanje postupka u vlastito ime, zastupanje pojedinca i interveniranja u tekućem postupku. Kroz praktične primjere, autor nastoji da naglasi važnost, ulogu i značaj Ombudsmena u sudskim postupcima. Nakon toga, u trećem dijelu „Uloga sudova u sudskom postupku dokazivanja diskriminacije“ autor se koncentrira da, korištenjem Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, prezentira sudske presude, kojima se obrazovni sistem Srednjobosanskog i Hercegovačko-neretvanskog kantona (ne)proglašava diskriminatornim na osnovu postojeće segregacije u tzv. „dvije škole pod jednim krovom“. Dakle, u ovom dijelu primarno se analizira odbijanje, gore navedenih, tužbenih zahtjeva. Na koncu, u četvrtom (radnom) dijelu pod nazivom „Proces dokazivanja diskriminacije pred Vrhovnim sudom Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine“ autor prezentira pozitivne i negativne primjere u radu Vrhovnog suda FBiH, te se prevashodno pojašnjava proces dokazivanja diskriminacije pred ovom sudskom instancom. Cilj ovog rada podrazumijeva istraživanje pravne pozadine za djelovanje institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i sudskih instanci s aspekta domaćeg (nacionalnog) prava, dok je, s druge strane, posebna pažnja posvećena djelovanju Vrhovnog suda FBiH u slučajevima diskriminacije.When reading the article’s title, it is important to emphasize the role and importance of the Institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most important national institution for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Consequently, according to the logic of thinking, it can be clearly concluded that the most important segment of action, above mentioned national institution, is to prevent or eliminate all forms of indirect and direct discrimination. Accordingly, the author decided, in addition to introductory and concluding considerations, to divide the article into four (4) parts. The first part of the article entitled “Theoretical Determination of Discrimination” provides general information on the concept, different forms and types of discrimination in accordance with the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unlike the first, in the second part of the article “The Role of the Ombudsman in the Probation of Discrimination Proceedings”, the Ombudsman aims to present the legal position of the ombudsman in court proceedings, with the mandatory indication of the conditions for initiating the proceedings on his own behalf, representing the individual and intervening in the ongoing proceedings. Through practical examples, the author seeks to emphasize the importance, role and importance of the ombudsman in court proceedings. Subsequently, in the third part of the “Role of Courts in the Probation of Discrimination Proceedings”, the author concentrates that, by using the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, he presents court judgments that discriminate the education system of the Central Bosnia and Herzegovina Canton (non) discriminatory on the basis of the existing segregation in so called. “Two schools under one roof”. Thus, this section primarily analyzes the rejection of the aforementioned claims. Finally, in the fourth (working) section entitled “The Probation of Discrimination Proceeding before the Supreme Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, the author presents positive and negative examples in the work of the Supreme Court of FBiH, and above all clarifies the process of proving discrimination before this court instance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the legal background of the Institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as judicial instances from the aspect of domestic (national) law, while, on the other hand, special attention is devoted to the actions of the FBiH Supreme Court in cases of discrimination