Glycopeptide Resistance in S. aureus

The glycopeptides (particularly vancomycin) have been the recommended therapy for serious methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The increased incidence of MRSA has led to the frequent use of vancomycin. Unfortunately, with the increased use of vancomycin, isolates of S. aureus have been discovered with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Several studies suggest that reduced vancomycin susceptibility is associated with vancomycin treatment failure. Various forms of glycopeptide resistance have appeared in MRSA strains, including high‐level resistance, homogeneous and heterogeneous intermediate resistance. While vancomycin‐resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains are limited to a handful of reported cases and vancomycin‐intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains remain rare; heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) strains are more common. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the history, definition, mechanisms, detection methods, epidemiology and clinical significance of ‘glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus’ and discusses therapeutic optıons for the treatment of hVISA/VISA infections

Prevention of Candida biofilm formation over polystyrene by plasma polymerization technique

Abstract This work investigates the antifungal effect of plasma polymer films produced by low-pressure RF-generated plasma system using acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and diethyl phosphite (DEP). Unmodified and plasma-modified polystyrene (PS) microplate wells were tested by 30 biofilm-positive Candida spp. isolated from blood samples and two control strains using a quantitative plaque assay method. Regardless of the precursors and plasma parameters, biofilm formation was inhibited for all plasma-modified microplate wells. The most significant anti-biofilm effect was observed on PS modified by DEP at 90 W plasma power with the inhibition of all Candida species' biofilm formation