Analiza rutina tekućinskom kromatografijom visokih performansi u vrstama Allium iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Rutin is quercetin heteroside widely present in plants that exhibit many health-beneficial effects, such as strengthening the capillary walls, reducing the harmful effects of LDL cholesterol, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Rutin was determined from three Allium species (A. cepa, A. sativum, and A. ursinum) collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the HPLC method associated with electrochemical detection. The analysis was performed from methanol extracts of bulb and leaf of garlic, bulb and leaf of onion, and leaves of wood garlic. Rutin was present in all of the examined samples. The highest rutin content was found in garlic leaves (0.78 ± 0.09 mg g–1), and the lowest in onion bulbs (0.04 ± 0.10 mg g–1). The contents of rutin were higher in leaf samples, suggesting that leaves of onion and garlic are recommended as a better natural source of this glycoside. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.Rutin je heterozid kvarcetin široko rasprostranjen u biljkama i pokazuje brojne pozitivne učinke na zdravlje, poput jačanja stijenki kapilara, smanjenja štetnih učinaka LDL kolesterola i smanjenja rizika od bolesti krvožilnog sustava. Udio rutina određen je u tri vrste roda Allium (A. cepa, A. sativum i A. ursinum) koje rastu u Bosni i Hercegovini primjenom tekućinske kromatografije visoke učinkovitosti s elektrokemijskom detekcijom (HPLC-ECD). Analiza je provedena u metanolnim ekstraktima lukovice i lista češnjaka, lukovice i lista crvenog luka, lista medvjeđeg luka. Rutin je određen u svim analiziranim uzorcima vrste Allium. Najveći sadržaj rutina određen je u listovima češnjaka (0.78 ± 0.09 mg g–1), a najmanji u crvenom luku (0.04 ± 0.10 mg g–1). Udjeli rutina bili su veći u uzorcima lišća, što sugerira da se listovi luka i češnjaka preporučuju kao bolji prirodni izvor ovog glikozida. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Procjena rizika izloženosti operatora teškim metalima iz pepela drvenih peleta

Ash is a by-product of wood biomass combustion that must be removed daily from stoves or fireplaces. Therefore, operators or owners are exposed to the potential impact of ash. The goal of this study was to determine whether heavy metal present in wood pellet ash posed a health concern to stove operators/owners. The risk assessment procedure was carried out in several steps, including exposure evaluation, toxicity evaluation, and risk categorisation. The hazard coefficient (HQ) and non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) were calculated for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. HQ had the highest value for the ingestion pathway (3.62 ∙ 10–6), and the value for non-carcinogenic HI was 3.70 ∙ 10–6. The value HI < 1 suggests that there is no risk to operator health related to heavy metals in analysed wood pellets ash. The carcinogenic risk (CR) was calculated for Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd, and the values were within the permitted limits. The risk assessment based on HI and CR indicators proved that there was no significant health concern regarding exposure to the analysed ashes.Pepeo je nusproizvod izgaranja drvne biomase koji se svakodnevno mora uklanjati iz peći ili kamina. Stoga su operateri ili vlasnici izloženi potencijalnom utjecaju pepela. Ovo istraživanje ima cilj procijeniti zdravstveni rizik izloženosti operatera/vlasnika pepelu drvenih peleta zbog sadržaja teških metala. Postupak procjene rizika proveden je u nekoliko koraka uključujući procjenu izloženosti, procjenu toksičnosti i kategorizaciju rizika. Izračunati su koeficijent opasnosti (HQ) i indeks nekarcinogene opasnosti (HI) za Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb i Zn. HQ je imao najveću vrijednost za izloženost putem gutanja (3.62 ∙ 10–6), a vrijednost za nekarcinogeni HI bila je 3.70 ∙ 10–6. Vrijednost HI < 1 ukazuje na to da sadržaj teških metala u analiziranom pepelu ne predstavlja rizik za zdravlje operatera. Karcinogeni rizik (CR) izračunat je za Ni, Pb, Cr i Cd, a vrijednosti su bile unutar dopuštenih granica. Rizik procijenjen primjenom HI i CR pokazatelja potvrdio je da ne postoji značajna opasnost za zdravlje osoba koje dolaze u kontakt s analiziranim pepelom

Iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main health issues that has an impact on cognitive function, physical ability, immune function, and reproductive performance. Therefore, this study focused on the determination of iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the average daily intake of iron via consumption of these plants. The plant samples were prepared by wet digestion with nitric acid (HNO3), and iron content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentration of Fe ranged from 41.97 mg/kg for Brassica oleracea var. acephala to 338.73 mg/kg for Spinacia oleracea. Daily intakes for different leafy plants were also calculated. The leafy plants were arranged by daily iron intake in the following decreasing order Spinacia oleracea > Beta vulgaris > Atriplex hortensis > Urtica dioica > Brassica oleracea var. acephala. Results from this study indicate that leafy plants can be a significant source of iron. The findings conclusively suggest that our local leafy plants are good source of iron through diet

Sadržaj mikro- i makroelementa i procjena zdravstvenog rizika Morchella esculenta i Lactarius piperatus iz Bosne i Hercegovine

The content of micro- and macroelements in dry wild and edible Morchella esculenta and Lactarius piperatus mushrooms collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined using the ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) technique. The contents of microelements in M. esculenta and L. piperatus expressed in mg kg–1 DW (dry weight) were as follows: Co 0.08 and 0.28, Cu 37.35 and 27.66, Fe 174.29 and 28.11, Mn 21.26 and 19.31, Se 0.46 and 0.52, Zn 122.84 and 45.06, Al 27.80 and 24.80, Cr 0.83 and 1.06, Ni 0.99 and 0.96, As 0.32 and 0.09, Cd 0.48 and 0.13, and Pb 0.61 and 0.12, respectively, while the contents of macroelements were: K 26989.48 and 36117.20, Na 70.85 and 28.60, Ca 643.48 and 271.93, Mg 684.16 and 840.64, S 2329.33 and 610.42, and P 10339.35 and 5107.63, respectively. In this study, the potential health risks of heavy metals were assessed, and target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the tested mushrooms was lower than the safe level. Edible wild mushrooms M. esculenta and L. piperatus, according to this study, could be used in human nutrition due to their favourable characteristics. Based on the accumulations of heavy metals in the tested mushrooms, it was shown that the collection surfaces are environmentally acceptable. Mushrooms collected from this area are generally safe to eat and pose no health risks to humans.Sadržaj mikro i makroelemenata u sušenim divljim jestivim gljivama Morchella esculenta i Lactarius piperatus prikupljenim u Bosni i Hercegovini određen je tehnikom ICP-OES (induktivno spregnuta plazma s optičkom emisijskom spektrometrijom). Sadržaj mikroelemenata kod M. esculenta i L. piperatus izražen u mg kg–1 suhe težine bio je sljedeći: Co 0,08 i 0,28, Cu 37,35 i 27,66, Fe 174,29 i 28,11, Mn 21,26 i 19,31, Se 0,46 i 0,52, Zn 122,84 i 45,06, Al 27,80 i 24,80, Cr 0,83 i 1,06, Ni 0,99 i 0,96, As 0,32 i 0,09, Cd 0,48 i 0,13, te Pb 0,61 i 0,12, dok je sadržaj makroelemenata bio: K 26989,48 i 36117,20, Na 70,85 i 28,60, Ca 643,48 i 271,93, Mg 684,16 i 840,64, S 2329,33 i 610,42, te P 10339,35 i 5107,63. U ovom radu procijenjeni su potencijalni zdravstveni rizici teških metala, a kvocijent ciljane opasnosti (THQ) za As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni i Cr u ispitivanim gljivama bio je niži od sigurnosne razine. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, divlje jestive gljive M. esculenta i L. piperatus, zbog svojih povoljnih karakteristika, mogle bi se upotrebljavati u ljudskoj prehrani. Podatci o akumuliranosti teških metala u ispitivanim gljivama pokazali su da su sabirne površine ekološki prihvatljive, a gljive sigurne za jelo

Element contents and health risk assessment in wild edible mushrooms of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The content of macro- and microelements in dry samples of mushrooms of the species Macrolepiota procera, Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius, collected at different areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was de- termined using the ICP-OES method (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Of the macro- elements, K is the most represented, followed by S, P, Mg, and the least represented Ca and Na. Zn is the most represented of the essential microelements, followed by Fe, Se, Cu, Mn and Co. Al is the most abundant of the other trace elements followed by Ni and Cr. Of the toxic metals, the most represented is Cd, followed by Pb and As. There are differences in the concentration of micro- and macroelements in the mushrooms analysed, depending on the area from which they were collected because natural geology and geochemistry influence the content of macro- and microelements in wild edible mushrooms. The results show that the analysed mushrooms can be considered a good source of essential elements. The study also assessed potential health risks of heavy metals and the target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in the analysed mushrooms was lower than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk index revealed that Cd and Ni are the most prevalent pollutants in the mushrooms studied

Amino Acids Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Many studies highlight the health benefits of mushrooms, which are consequently becoming more and more interesting for researchers. The content of amino acids (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidative activity (AAc) were determined in wild as well as cultivated mushrooms. The AA included: L-tryptophan (Trp), L-arginine (Arg), L-cysteine (Cys), L-methionine (Met), L-alanine (Ala), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-lysine (Lys), L-valine (Val), L-glycine (Gly), and L-leucine (Leu). The wild mushrooms: Lactarius piperatus, Amanita caesarea, Lactarius deliciosus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, and cultivated mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus, Boletus aestivalis, Cantharellus cibarius, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus var. avellaneus were investigated in this study. The AA was determined by HPTLC method and quantified with a Camag TLC scanner and WINCAT software by scanning the plates at 540 nm. The TPC was spectrophotometrically estimated as gallic acid equivalents/g of fresh weight according to Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of mushroom extracts was determined by DPPH assay. The highest content of Ala, Gly, Phe, Lys, Val, and Leu was found in Pleurotus ostreatus. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) in investigated mushrooms ranged from 1.90 to 35.56, and the % RSA ranged from 43.88 to 90.17. This study promotes the consumption of food rich in bioactive compounds, mushrooms being among such food. Further research on mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina and their benefits in the overall maintenance of human health and protection from age-related diseases is necessary

Density functional theory: 1H and 13C-NMR spectra of some coumarin derivatives

For some synthesized coumarin derivatives, 1H and 13C NMR isotropic chemical shifts and some other molecular properties were calculated using density functional theory. The calculations yield reliable results, that are in good correlation with experimental data

DFT study and microbiology of some coumarin-based compounds containing a chalcone moiety

In the present investigation, a series of coumarin-based compounds containing a chalcone moiety were studied for their in vitro and in silico properties. DFT global chemical reactivity descriptors (chemical hardness, total energy, electronic chemical potential and electrophilicity) are calculated for four synthesized compounds and used to predict their relative stability and reactivity. The antibacterial activities of all compounds have been screened against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC No. 6633) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC No. 11778). Quantum-chemical calculations indicate that antibacterial activity correlates well with chemical reactivity descriptors of molecules

Antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of xanthen-3-one derivatives

Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4\u27 position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 µmol L–1 4.1 µmol L–1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 µmol L–1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line with IC50 of 4.2 µmol L–1. Analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the trifluormethyl derivative were performed with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The most potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations in order to analyse bindings to molecular targets and, at the same time, further support the results of experimental cytotoxic tests. Docking studies showed sites of importance in forming hydrogen bonds of the most potent compounds with targets of interest