Growth variability of brown trout fry (Salmo trutta morpha fario Linnaeus, 1758) affected by differentiated diet during initial rearing

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of differentiated nutrition on the sac-fry growth intensity of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario). In this experiment two dry feed mixtures with different feeding program were used. Sac-fry rearing was realized in throughs with volume of 700 L during 113 days. During the rearing period was the feed mixture feed ad libitum. First tested group of fish (group A) was fed by mixture with different nutrient composition (crude proteins 56 % and 50 %, fat 12 % and 20 %) for individual rearing stages. Second tested group of fish (group B) was fed by mixtures with constant nutrient composition (crude proteins 57 %, fat 15 %) for all rearing period. It was found that the group A had better results for estimated growth parameters (Lt=48.37 ±2.41 mm; w=1.32 ±0.30 g; CF=0.84; SLGR=0.63 %.d-1; SWGR=2.12 -1) in comparison to group B (Lt=42.90 ±2.23 mm; w=1.20 ±0.32 g; CF=0.83; SLGR=0.52 %.d-1; SWGR=2.04 %.d-1). Attained results confirm that the application of mixture with different nutrient composition has a positive effect on the growth parameters on brown trout sac-fry rearing

Obsah živín a profil mastných kyselín v rôznych druhoch olejnín

The aim of this study was to determine nutrients content of 4 oilseeds (sunflower, soybean, flaxseed and rapessed) and fatty acid profile of oils obtained from the seeds. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and fat content of the seeds were determined by standard laboratory methods and procedures. Significant (P<0.05) differences in composition of all the analyzed seeds were found. Fatty acid profile analysis was performed using the Agilent 6890 A GC machine. The analyzed oils mainly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with the exception of rapeseed oil which primarily contained monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Flaxseed oil has significantly (P<0.05) proven to be the richest in PUFA content (76.46%), but on the other hand it contained the least amount of MUFA (13.47%). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, except for soybean oil, was below 10%. The most optimal ratio between n-6 and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) was found in rapeseed oil (2.22:1). From the fatty acid profile of analyzed oils significant (P<0.05) differences in the content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic and lignoceric acids were detected.Cieľom práce bolo analyzovať obsah živín rôznych semien olejnín (slnečnicových, sójových, ľanových a repkových) a profil mastných kyselín rastlinných olejov získaných z týchto semien. Analýza obsahu sledovaných živín v semenách olejnín (sušina, dusíkaté látky, bezdusíkaté látky výťažkové a tuk) bola vykonaná prostredníctvom štandardných laboratórnych metód a postupov. Zistili sa preukazné (P<0.05) rozdiely v zložení všetkých analyzovaných semien. Analýza profilu mastných kyselín bola vykonaná pomocou zariadenia Agilent 6890 A GC. Analyzované oleje pozostávali hlavne z polynenasýtených mastných kyselín (PUFA), s výnimkou repkového oleja, ktorý obsahoval najmä mononenasýtené mastné kyseliny (MUFA). Ľanový olej bol preukazne (P<0.05) najbohatší na obsah PUFA (76.46%), ale na druhej strane obsahoval najmenšie množstvo MUFA (13.47%). Obsah nasýtených mastných kyselín (SFA), s výnimkou sójového oleja, bol nižší ako 10%. Najoptimálnejší pomer medzi n-6 a n-3 nenasýtenými mastnými kyselinami (USFA) sa zistil v repkovom oleji (2.22:1). V profile mastných kyselín analyzovaných olejov sa zistili preukazné (P<0,05) rozdiely v obsahu kyseliny palmitovej, steárovej, olejovej, linolovej, arachidónovej, eikosaénovej, behénovej a lignocerovej

The influence of addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the fermentation quality of silages from permanent grassland

Cieľom experimentu bolo zistiť vplyv prídavku Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis na kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia v silážnych vakoch. Vo fytomase trvalého trávneho porastu predstavoval podiel tráv 86% (s prevahou Arrhenatherum elatius), bylín 13% a ďatelinovín (1%). Experiment pozostával z dvoch variantov: variant C (kontrola - bez aditíva) a variant A s prídavkom biologického aditíva. V pokusnom variante A sa aplikoval biologický prípravok (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 KTJ (kolónií tvoriacich jednotky)*g-1) na uvädnutú trávnu hmotu v dávke 1 liter na tonu. Silážovaná hmota sa pomocou lisu uskladnila do silážnych vakov s priemerom 2,7 m (jeden vak s hmotou bez aditíva - variant C a druhý vak s prídavkom aditíva -variant A). Po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia sa odobrali priemerné vzorky siláží pre stanovenie parametrov fermentačného procesu. Aplikácia mikrobiálneho aditíva na báze homo a heterofermentatívnych baktérií mliečneho kvasenia (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis) ovplyvnila kvalitu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia štatisticky preukazne nižším obsahom kyseliny octovej, maslovej, alkoholov, stupňom proteolýzy a nižšou hodnotou pH. Výsledky potvrdili, že prídavok Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis pozitívne ovplyvnil kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov.The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland after 12 months of storage in silage bags. In the phytomas of the permanent grassland the proportion of grass was 86% (with the prevalence of Arrhenatherum elatius), herbs 13% and leguminous 1%. The experiment consisted of two variants: variant C (control-without additive) and variant A with the addition of additive. In experimental variant A, biological additive consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 CFU (colony forming units)*g-1 was applied on wilted grass matter at a rate of 1 liter per ton. The silage matter was stored with a press in silo bags with a diameter of 2.7 m (first bag without additive - variant C and second bag with additive - variant A). After 12 months of storage, average samples of silages were taken to determine the parameters of fermentation process. Application of biological additive based on homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) influenced the quality of the silages from permanent grassland after 12 months of storage with statistically lower acetic and butyric acid content, alcohols, degree of proteolysis and lower pH value. The results confirmed, that the addition Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis had positive influence on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland

The influence of addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the fermentation quality of silages from permanent grassland

Cieľom experimentu bolo zistiť vplyv prídavku Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis na kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia v silážnych vakoch. Vo fytomase trvalého trávneho porastu predstavoval podiel tráv 86% (s prevahou Arrhenatherum elatius), bylín 13% a ďatelinovín (1%). Experiment pozostával z dvoch variantov: variant C (kontrola - bez aditíva) a variant A s prídavkom biologického aditíva. V pokusnom variante A sa aplikoval biologický prípravok (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 KTJ (kolónií tvoriacich jednotky)*g-1) na uvädnutú trávnu hmotu v dávke 1 liter na tonu. Silážovaná hmota sa pomocou lisu uskladnila do silážnych vakov s priemerom 2,7 m (jeden vak s hmotou bez aditíva - variant C a druhý vak s prídavkom aditíva -variant A). Po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia sa odobrali priemerné vzorky siláží pre stanovenie parametrov fermentačného procesu. Aplikácia mikrobiálneho aditíva na báze homo a heterofermentatívnych baktérií mliečneho kvasenia (Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis) ovplyvnila kvalitu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov po 12 mesiacoch uskladnenia štatisticky preukazne nižším obsahom kyseliny octovej, maslovej, alkoholov, stupňom proteolýzy a nižšou hodnotou pH. Výsledky potvrdili, že prídavok Lactobacillus plantarum a Lactobacillus brevis pozitívne ovplyvnil kvalitu fermentačného procesu siláží z trvalých trávnych porastov.The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland after 12 months of storage in silage bags. In the phytomas of the permanent grassland the proportion of grass was 86% (with the prevalence of Arrhenatherum elatius), herbs 13% and leguminous 1%. The experiment consisted of two variants: variant C (control-without additive) and variant A with the addition of additive. In experimental variant A, biological additive consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis 2*105 CFU (colony forming units)*g-1 was applied on wilted grass matter at a rate of 1 liter per ton. The silage matter was stored with a press in silo bags with a diameter of 2.7 m (first bag without additive - variant C and second bag with additive - variant A). After 12 months of storage, average samples of silages were taken to determine the parameters of fermentation process. Application of biological additive based on homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) influenced the quality of the silages from permanent grassland after 12 months of storage with statistically lower acetic and butyric acid content, alcohols, degree of proteolysis and lower pH value. The results confirmed, that the addition Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis had positive influence on the quality of the fermentation process of silage from the permanent grassland