Effect of Low Level Laser Irradiation on the Function of Glycated Catalase

Introduction: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of low level laser irradiation (LLLI), by lasers with different wavelengths, on glycated catalase enzyme in vitro experimentally. This is done by measuring the activity and structure properties of glycated catalase enzyme. The structure properties were evaluated with circular dichroism (CD) and fluoroscopy methods. Three continuous wave (CW) lasers in visible spectrum (λ= 450, 530, 638 nm) and a 100-ns pulsed laser in infrared spectrum (λ= 905 nm) were chosen for comparison. For the infrared laser, same effects have been investigated for different energy doses. The effect of photon energy (hυ) at different wavelengths was measured on activity, CD, and fluoroscopy properties of catalase, and compared with the control group [samples without irradiation]. The energy intensity of laser should not exceed 0.1 J/cm2. Experiments were performed on glycated catalase between 2 to 16 weeks after glycation of catalase. The LLLI effect has also been investigated on the samples, by comparing the catalase activity, CD and fluoroscopy for different wavelengths.Results: Our results indicate, the decrease in catalase activity as a function of glycation time (weeks) for all samples, and a slight increase on its activity by different laser wavelengths irradiation for any fixed period of glycation time. Finally, as the laser’s photon energy (hυ) increases, the catalase activity also increases. More specifically, the blue laser (λ= 450nm) has the most and the red laser (λ = 638nm), has the least effect, and the green laser (λ = 530nm) has the medium effect on catalase activity. Furthermore, pulsed laser had an additional effect by increasing energy dosage. As we expected in all experiments, the increase in the catalase activity was coincident with the decrease in catalase fluoroscopy and CD parameters

IMPROVEMENT IN REDOX HOMEOSTASIS AFTER CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY IN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

colorectal cancer (CRC) as one the most common cancer type is associated with oxidative stress. Surgery is the only curative modality for early-stage CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative damage biomarkers as well as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in patients with CRC before and after tumor resection in healthy controls. 60 patients with stage I/II colorectaL adenocarcinoma and 43 healthy controls were recruited in this study. We measured plasma levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, including advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) at baseline and after tumor removal. We also evaluated the plasma activuty of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as enzymatic antioxidants and the ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) assay for nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity. Patients with CRC had significantly higher AGE, AOPP, MDA, and ox-LDL and also FRAP levels and higher SOD and GPx and lower CAT activity levels compared to healthy controls (p<0,05). We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between redox biomarkers and the size and stage of tumor. AGEs (72,49 +/- 7.7 vs. 67.93 +/- 8.8, p< 0,001), AOPP (137.64 +/- 21.9 vs. 119.08 +/- 33.1 p<0,001), MDA (3.56 +/- 0.30 vs. 3.05 +/- 0.33 p< 0,001), and ox-LDL (19.78 +/- 0.97 vs. 16.94 +/- 1.02, p< 0,001) concentrations reduced significantly after tumor removal. The largest effect sizes were found in ox-LDL (d = - 2.853, 95% CI 2.50 - 3.19) and MDA (d = - 0.43 - 0.57). Serum FRAP lelvels (1097.5 +/-156.7 vs. 1239.3 +/- 290, p< 0,001) and CAT (2.34 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.63 +/- 0.38, p< 0,001), GPx (102.37 +/- 6.58 vs. 108.03 +/- 6.95, p< 0,001), and SOD (5.13 +/- 0.39 vs. 5.53 +/- 0,31 p< 0,001) activity levels increased significantly after surgery. The largest effect sizes among antioxidants were seen in SOD (d = 1.135, 95% CI 0.46 - 0.34) and GPx (d = 0.836, 95% CI 0.35 - 0.23>). This study indicated that patients with colorectal cancer high higher levels of oxidative stress and antioxidants activity compared to healthy controls. After surgical resection of tumor, we observed a substantial improvement in redox homeostasis

Exogenous coenzyme Q10 modulates MMP-2 activity in MCF-7 cell line as a breast cancer cellular model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background/Aims</p> <p>Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 is a key molecule in cellular invasion and metastasis. Mitochondrial ROS has been established as a mediator of MMP activity. Coenzyme Q₁₀contributes to intracellular ROS regulation. Coenzyme Q₁₀beneficial effects on cancer are still in controversy but there are indications of Coenzyme Q₁₀complementing effect on tamoxifen receiving breast cancer patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation of the effects of co-incubation of coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on intracellular H2O2 content and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in MCF-7 cell line.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Our experiment was designed to assess the effect in a time and dose related manner. Gelatin zymography and Flowcytometric measurement of H2O2 by 2'7',-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate probe were employed. The results showed that both coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduce MMP-2 activity along with the pro-oxidant capacity of the MCF-7 cell in a dose proportionate manner.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Collectively, the present study highlights the significance of Coenzyme Q₁₀effect on the cell invasion/metastasis effecter molecules.</p

Effect of hemodialysis on oxidants and antioxidant factors in chronic renal failure

The current study was conducted to assess the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on the status of plasma oxidants and antioxidants among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These parameters can have an influence on the HD process and can also be useful for follow-up of these patients. The participants of this cross-sectional study comprised 91 patients with a mean age of 51.1 ± 8.2 years on chronic HD with kt/v between 1.2 and 1.4. The etiology of ESRD in these patients was as follows: diabetes mellitus in 39, hypertension in 35, and glomerulonephritis in 17 patients. All patients were on maintenance treatment with phosphate binder, 1,25 Vitamin D, iron, and erythropoietin therapy as per the K/DOQI guidelines. They were selected by random method from Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Karaj, Iran. The height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were measured according to standardized protocols, and blood samples were obtained before and after HD. Blood samples were checked for advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein product, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and ferritin reducing ability of plasma, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The means of MDA, BUN, advanced glycation end product (AGE), and ox-LDL plasma level postdialysis significantly decreased compared to the predialysis level. The mean of plasma catalase, GPx, and SOD increased significantly postdialysis compared to the predia- lysis level in these patients. Factors including age, body mass index, WC, and diastolic blood pressure affected changes in levels of oxidants and antioxidants after HD. Our study results revealed that the status of antioxidants and oxidants tends to improve after HD

Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Human Milk and Infant Formulas

Objective: Available accurate data on the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in human milk throughout lactation and infant formulas is important both for formulating nutritional requirements for substances and to provide a base line for the understanding the physiology of their secretion. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentrations of zinc and copper in infant formulas and human milk during prolonged lactation. Levels of these metals were examined in relation to selected parameters such as age, weight, height, education and occupation of mothers. Methods: Thirty mothers referred to the selected clinics in Tehran entered the study. Human milk samples were collected at 2 months postpartum. Zinc and copper concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Findings: The mean values of Zn and Cu in human milk were 2.95±0.77mg/L and 0.36±0.11 mg/L. The mean values of Zn and Cu in infant formulas were 3.98±0.25 mg/L and 0.53±0.17mg/L. Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between levels of trace elements in human milk and evaluated parameters such as age, weight, height, education and occupation of mothers. The concentrations of zinc and copper in breast milk were lower than those reported in the literature

Effect of chemical chaperones on glucose-induced lysozyme modifications

Nonenzymatic glycation of biomacromolecules occurs due to the diabetes mellitus and ageing. A number of small molecules, known as chemical chaperones, stabilize protein conformation against thermal and chemically induced denaturation. These compounds are including: polyamines (e.g. spermine and spermidine), amino acids (e.g. lysine) and polyols (e.g. glycerol). In this study the effect of spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and glycerol on glycation, structure and function of lysozyme (LZ), as an extra-cellular protein, by different techniques is investigated. LZ is incubated with or without glucose (50 or 100 mM) in the absence or presence of Spd/Spm/glycerol at 37 °C up to 16 weeks. All the observed changes of glycated-LZ in comparison with the native protein, including: increased fluorescence emission, alteration in the secondary and tertiary structure, and reduced electrophoretic mobility- indicate its structural changes that are accompanied with its reduced activity. Glucose in the presence or absence of Spd induces the protein dimerization, but glucose plus Spm induces its trimmerization. In contrast, glycerol inhibits the LZ glycation and prevents the large changes on its structure and function. Glucose binds lysine residues, decreases the protein positive charges and induces some alterations in its structure and activity. Polyamines also directly bind to LZ, increase its positive charges and hence induce more glycation; more conformational changes, oligomerization and its inactivation in the presence of glucose, but glycerol affect the protein environment and preserve protein from these harmful effects. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

The Preventive Effect of L-Lysine on Lysozyme Glycation in Type 2 Diabetes

Lysozyme is a bactericidal enzyme whose structure and functions change in diabetes. Chemical chaperones are small molecules including polyamines (e.g. spermine), amino acids (e.g. L-lysine) and polyols (e.g. glycerol). They can improve protein conformation in several stressful conditions such as glycation. In this study, the authors aimed to observe the effect of L-lysine as a chemical chaperone on structure and function of glycated lysozyme. In this study, in vitro and in vivo effects of L-lysine on lysozyme glycation were investigated. Lysozyme was incubated with glucose and/or L-lysine, followed by an investigation of its structure by electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy and also assessment of its bactericidal activity against M. lysodeikticus. In the clinical trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomly divided into two groups of 25 (test and control). All patients received metformin and glibenclamide for a three months period. The test group was supplemented with 3 g/day of L-lysine. The quantity and activity of lysozyme and other parameters were then measured. Among the test group, L-lysine was found to reduce the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the sera of patients with T2DM and in vitro condition. This chemical chaperone reversed the alteration in lysozyme structure and function due to glycation and resulted in increased lysozyme activity. Structure and function of glycated lysozyme are significantly improved by l-lysine; therefore it can be considered an effective therapeutic supplementation in T2DM, decreasing the risk of infection in these patients