Additional file 2: of School sociodemographic characteristics and obesity in schoolchildren: does the obesity definition matter?

Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to different definitions among Irish children COSI study. Percentages, 95% confidence intervals and Chi-squared p-values are provided to show the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children by age and sex, school socioeconomic level and school urbanisation level using three body mass index-based definitions and two abdominal obesity definitions. (DOCX 18 kb

Additional file 1: of School sociodemographic characteristics and obesity in schoolchildren: does the obesity definition matter?

Overweight and obesity definitions. Detailed information is provided on the IOTF, CDC 2000 and WHO 2007 cut-offs used in this study to define overweight and obesity school-aged children. (DOCX 17 kb

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions