BMC Public Health

The original publication [1] of this paper contained a typo in the abstract. The value "CI95%: 18.9–21.1" should have been "95%CI: 64.3–66.6". This was correct elsewhere in the article. The original article has been updated to correct this

BMC Public Health

BACKGROUND: The extent of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in African countries is still unclear. Seroprevalence studies are a common approach to epidemiological surveillance, allowing estimation of the proportion of people who have had contact with the virus. We aimed at estimating the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in Togo at the national level in 2021 according to age groups, gender, and place of residence (rural or urban). METHODS: From 15 May to 31 June 2021, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional serological survey in 12 health districts (two districts per health region) in the > 5 years old population in Togo. The Wantai SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay S protein receptor-binding domain-based ELISA (Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.; Beijing, China) was used to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies in plasma. Crude and weighted seroprevalences (weighted by age, sex and place of residence) were calculated and then weighted seroprevalences were adjusted according to sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test. Finally, logistic regression models were performed in order to describe factors associated. RESULTS: Of the 7593 participants, the overall weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 65.5% (CI95%: 18.9-21.1). Urban dwellers, young adults (30-49 years) and vaccinated individuals were significantly more likely to be seropositive. CONCLUSION: The high seroprevalence we observed is consistent with observations across West Africa. Quantification of the level of immunity in the population is needed to know how close we are to herd immunity. In the meantime, vaccination against the COVID-19 remains necessary

Le contrôle du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l'administration par le juge administratif congolais

The present research examined the control exercised by the Congolese administrative judge on the discretionary power of the administration in a widely unfavourable context. The analysis of the court decisions states an indirect control over the discretionary power of the administration. The more elaborated and subtle controls are not practised yet. The exercised control is praiseworthy especially if we take into account multiple constraints which impose upon the mission of the judge in the current difficult context of Congo. It contains nevertheless many incapacities which affect seriously the efficiency. The improvement of the control of the discretionary power of the administration by the Congolese administrative judge crosses by the guarantee of good conditions of administration of the justice, the intensification of the capacities of the judges and the improvement of the quality of the laws. It also passes by the improvement of the control at present exercised on the legality of the administrative acts and by the emergence of more elaborated techniques of control.A global project of development of the administrative justice must be elaborated to improve the control of the discretionary power of the administration by the Congolese administrative judge.La présente recherche a examiné le contrôle exercé par le juge administratif congolais sur le pouvoir discrétionnaire de l’administration dans un contexte largement défavorable. L’analyse des décisions juridictionnelles fait état d’un contrôle exercé sur le pouvoir discrétionnaire de l’administration uniquement par le biais des éléments liés de l’acte administratif unilatéral. Les contrôles, plus élaborés et plus subtils, à l’instar de la censure de l’erreur manifeste d’appréciation ou de l’inobservation du principe de proportionnalité ne sont pas encore pratiqués. Le contrôle exercé est louable surtout si l’on tient compte de multiples contraintes qui s’imposent à la mission du juge dans le contexte difficile actuel du Congo. Il comporte néanmoins beaucoup d’insuffisances qui en entament sérieusement l’efficacité. L’amélioration du contrôle du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l’administration par le juge administratif passe par la garantie de bonnes conditions d’administration de la justice, le renforcement des aptitudes des juges et l’amélioration de la qualité des lois. Elle passe également par l’amélioration du contrôle actuellement exercé sur la légalité des actes administratifs et par l’émergence de techniques de contrôle plus élaborées. Les nombreux défis à la réalisation de ces mesures commandent d’envisager le renforcement du contrôle du pouvoir discrétionnaire dans un projet global de développement de la justice administrative à élaborer et à exécuter sur le court, le moyen et le long terme.(DROI 3) -- UCL, 201