Desfolha de plantas matrizes de morangueiro para a produção de pontas de estolão

The objective of this work was to determine the sink‑source relationships and their effects on the number and growth of runner tips of 'Camino Real' strawberry stock plants. Three types of sources were evaluated: one defoliation at 96 days after planting (DAP), two defoliations at 50 and 96 DAP, and mother plants without defoliation. Four types of sink were accessed: runner tips collected weekly and monthly, four stolons with rooted runner tips in pots, and four freely-grown stolons. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. The source types were placed in the plots, and sink types in the subplots. The number of runner tips, the crown diameter, and the dry matter mass were determined. Number and growth of tips were higher on plants without defoliation, and decreased 44.7% on twice‑defoliated mother plants. The two‑defoliation management did not reduce runner tip dry matter mass only on plants with rooted stolons, which produced runner tips 50% heavier. Defoliation of mother plants bearing rooting stolons can be used to reduce their growth, without reducing the emission and growth of runner tips.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as relações dreno‑fonte e seus efeitos sobre o número e o crescimento de pontas de estolões de plantas matrizes de morangueiro 'Camino Real'. Três tipos de fontes foram avaliadas: uma desfolha aos 96 dias após o plantio (DAP), duas desfolhas aos 50 e 96 DAP e plantas matrizes sem desfolha. Quatro tipos de drenos foram analisados: pontas de estolão coletadas semanal e mensalmente, quatro pontas enraizadas em vasos e quatro estolões de crescimento livre. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tipos de fonte foram dispostos nas parcelas, e os tipos de dreno, nas subparcelas. Foram determinados o número de pontas, o diâmetro de coroa e a massa de matéria seca. O número e o crescimento das pontas foram mais elevados nas plantas sem desfolhamento, e diminuíram 44,7% nas plantas matrizes com duas desfolhas. As duas desfolhas não reduziram a massa de matéria seca das pontas apenas nas plantas com estolões enraizados, as quais produziram pontas 50% mais pesadas. A desfolha das plantas matrizes com estolões enraizados pode ser usada para reduzir‑lhes o crescimento, sem reduzir a emissão e o crescimento das pontas de estolão

Defoliation of strawberry mother plants for the production of runner tips

The objective of this work was to determine the sink-source relationships and their effects on the number and growth of runner tips of 'Camino Real' strawberry stock plants. Three types of sources were evaluated: one defoliation at 96 days after planting (DAP), two defoliations at 50 and 96 DAP, and mother plants without defoliation. Four types of sink were accessed: runner tips collected weekly and monthly, four stolons with rooted runner tips in pots, and four freely-grown stolons. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. The source types were placed in the plots, and sink types in the subplots. The number of runner tips, the crown diameter, and the dry matter mass were determined. Number and growth of tips were higher on plants without defoliation, and decreased 44.7% on twice-defoliated mother plants. The two-defoliation management did not reduce runner tip dry matter mass only on plants with rooted stolons, which produced runner tips 50% heavier. Defoliation of mother plants bearing rooting stolons can be used to reduce their growth, without reducing the emission and growth of runner tips

Cell size in trays for the production of strawberry plug transplants Tamanho das células em bandejas para produção de mudas de morangueiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of cell sizes used for strawberry plug production in trays compared to bare root transplants, regarding initial plant size, harvest timing, and total strawberry fruit yield. Plug transplants were produced from runner tips rooted in trays with cell sizes of 26.5, 50, 100 and 150 cm³ filled with Plantmax HA organic substrate. Bare root transplants (control) were produced in a closed soilless system using sand as substrate. A randomized block design was used, with four replicates with 16 plants per plot. Bare root transplants and plug transplants from 100-cm³ cells had larger crown and higher leaf and root dry mass. Early fruit yield was higher in plants propagated from plugs than in those propagated from bare root transplants. Spring and total fruit yield did not differ among treatments, with an average yield of 435 and 874 g per plant, respectively. Earlier strawberry fruit yield was obtained by using plug transplants, even from trays with small cells of 26.5 or 50 cm³.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tamanho das células utilizadas na produção de mudas de morangueiro em bandejas, comparadas a mudas de raízes nuas, quanto ao tamanho inicial da planta, período de colheita e produção total de frutos. As mudas em bandejas foram produzidas a partir de pontas de estolões enraizadas em células de 26,5, 50, 100 e 150 cm³, com o substrato orgânico Plantmax HA. As mudas de raízes nuas (controle) foram produzidas em um sistema sem solo com areia como substrato. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de 16 plantas. As mudas de bandejas com células de 100 cm³ e de raízes nuas atingiram diâmetro da coroa e massa de matéria seca de folhas e raízes mais elevadas. A produção precoce foi maior nas plantas propagadas por estolões que naquelas propagadas por raízes nuas. A produção de primavera e a total não diferiram entre os tratamentos, com média de 435 e 874 g por planta, respectivamente. A produção mais precoce de frutas foi obtida com mudas em bandejas, mesmo naquelas com células pequenas de 26,5 ou 50 cm³ de volume

Defoliation of strawberry mother plants for the production of runner tips

The objective of this work was to determine the sink-source relationships and their effects on the number and growth of runner tips of 'Camino Real' strawberry stock plants. Three types of sources were evaluated: one defoliation at 96 days after planting (DAP), two defoliations at 50 and 96 DAP, and mother plants without defoliation. Four types of sink were accessed: runner tips collected weekly and monthly, four stolons with rooted runner tips in pots, and four freely-grown stolons. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. The source types were placed in the plots, and sink types in the subplots. The number of runner tips, the crown diameter, and the dry matter mass were determined. Number and growth of tips were higher on plants without defoliation, and decreased 44.7% on twice-defoliated mother plants. The two-defoliation management did not reduce runner tip dry matter mass only on plants with rooted stolons, which produced runner tips 50% heavier. Defoliation of mother plants bearing rooting stolons can be used to reduce their growth, without reducing the emission and growth of runner tips

Frigoconservação das pontas de estolões na produção de muda com torrão e frutas de morangueiro Cold storage of strawberry runner tips on plug plants production and yield

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito da frigoconservação das pontas de estolões na produção de plug plants e frutas de morangueiro. O experimento foi realizado em Santa Maria, RS, com mudas das cultivares 'Camarosa', 'Diamante' e 'Arazá', produzidas a partir de pontas de estolões submetidas ao armazenamento refrigerado por 0; 7; 14; 21; 28; e 35 dias na temperatura de 0,5±0,3°C e umidade relativa de 95±1%. Após a frigoconservação, as pontas de estolões foram enraizadas para produção de mudas, as quais foram plantadas no solo para produção de frutas. A taxa de sobrevivência e o número de folhas das mudas foram avaliados após o período de enraizamento. O número de frutas e de estolões emitidos e a produção de frutas foram avaliados durante os meses de junho a novembro de 2010. Concluiu-se que a frigoconservação das pontas de estolões para posterior enraizamento e produção de plug plants não afeta o crescimento e a taxa de sobrevivência das mudas. A produção de frutas das plantas oriundas dessas mudas diminui com o aumento do período de frigoconservação, enquanto a emissão de estolões aumenta linearmente, com diferenças entre as cultivares.The objective of this research was to determine the effects of cold storage of strawberry runner tips used for production of plug plants and fruit yield in the field. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, RS, using plug plants rooted after 0; 7; 14; 21; 28 and 35 days of cold storage of runner tips at 0,5±0,3°C temperature and 95±1% air humidity. After the cold storage period, runner tips were rooted for plug plant production and planted in the field for fruit production. The survival rate and number of leaves of plug plants were recorded after rooting. Fruit and stolon number and fruit yield were determined from June to December 2010. It was concluded that the cold storage of runner tips for further rooting and plug plant production did not affect growth and survival of plug plants. Fruit yield of plants originated from such plug plants is reduced when the cold storage period is increased while emission of stolons is linearly enhanced, but these effects are cultivar dependent

Doses de potássio e cálcio no crescimento da planta, na produção e na qualidade de frutas do morangueiro em cultivo sem solo Potassium and calcium doses on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of strawberries in soilless cultivation

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio fornecido pela fertirrigação e de cálcio na parte aérea sobre o crescimento da planta, a produção e a qualidade de frutas do morangueiro em cultivo sem solo, plantas de morangueiro foram cultivadas com solução nutritiva contendo 9 (T1), 6 (T2, testemunha) e 4,28mmol L-1 (T3) de K+ e com a solução testemunha (T2) suplementada uma vez por semana por pulverizações foliares de cálcio nas concentrações de 2,5 (T4) e 5g L-1 de CaCl2 (T5). O crescimento da planta foi reduzido no tratamento com a concentração de potássio mais elevada (T1), e o maior IAF foi obtido na dose mais elevada de CaCl2 (T5). A maior produção de frutas foi obtida em T2 e T3, a acidez (AT) foi maior em T1, enquanto o teor de sólidos solúveis (SST) e a relação SST/AT não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o aumento da concentração de potássio na solução nutritiva diminui o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade das frutas de morango e que a aplicação de cálcio na parte aérea das plantas por meio do CaCl2 reduz a produção de frutas.<br>In order to evaluate the effect of potassium doses supplied by fertigation and of calcium by foliar spray on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of soilless grown strawberries, plants were supplied with nutrient solutions at K+ concentrations of 9 (T1); 6 (T2, control) and 4.28mmol L-1 (T3) and with the control nutrient solution (T2) supplemented once a week by spraying CaCl2 on shoot at concentrations of 2.5 (T4) and 5g L- 1 (T5). Plant growth was lower in the higher potassium concentration (T1) and the highest LAI was recorded in the higher CaCl2 dose (T5). Fruit yield was higher in T2 and T3, the titratable acidity (TA) was higher in T1, while total soluble solids (TSS) and the ratio TTS/TA did not differ among treatments. It was concluded that high potasium concentration in the nutrient solution reduces plant growth, fruit yield and quality and that calcium supplied on shoot by CaCl2 reduces fruit production