Needle tip localization in post-puncture control Dyna-CT images.

<p>Lateral (<b>A</b>), coronal (<b>B</b>), and axial views (<b>C</b>) of the multiplanar reconstructions, as well as (<b>D</b>) three-dimensional rendering of the Dyna-CT of the <i>ex-vivo</i> lamb cervical spine-model demonstrating the location of the needle tip and the trajectory used to access the neural foramen. The needle tip is located in the posterior part of the neural foramen, anatomically well away from the vertebral vessels but directly adjacent to the path of the nerve root.</p

Detailed data for cervical selective nerve root block using Dyna-CT with syngo iGuide® laser-guidance.

1<p>DAP: dose area product.</p

Pre-interventional interventional table positioning and laser-guided puncture.

<p>Correct pre-interventional positioning of the free-floating interventional table shown as three lines properly positioned in the indicated triangle (<b>B</b>). Correct laser-guided puncture along the planned trajectory indicated by the needle in-line with the 2D laser cross (<b>B</b>).</p

Fluoroscopic control images for correct needle positioning.

<p>Bulls’eye view (<b>A</b>) and angulated lateral (<b>B</b>) and oblique (<b>C</b>) views confirming the correct trajectory in-line with the indicated road-map. The positioning of the needle tip centered in the bulls’ eye (<b>A</b>, <b>B</b>, and <b>C</b>) confirming the needle tip in the target area.</p

Three-dimensional puncture planning using syngo iGuide®.

<p>Three-dimensional puncture planning using syngo iGuide® with indication of the planned needle trajectory in two angulated lateral (<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>) views and the axial (<b>C</b>) orientation on the multiplanar Dyna-CT reconstructions of the <i>ex-vivo</i> lamb spine-model. Additionally three-dimensional rendering of the Dyna-CT (<b>D</b>) visualizing the trajectory path. The distance between skin entry and target area is indicated (<b>A</b>, <b>C</b>, and <b>D</b>).</p