Socijalno preduzetništvo u Srbiji: pregled i perspektive

Ovaj rad daje istorijski pregled razvoja socijalnog preduzetništva u Srbiji i analizira mogućnosti i perspektive dalje afirmacije ovog koncepta u aktuelnim društvenim i ekonomskim uslovima. U radu pratimo istorijski razvoj socijalnog preduzetništva od njegovih korena, koji su u razvoju poljoprivrednih zadruga u 19. veku, pa sve do danas, kada se u Srbiji razvijaju neke nove forme socijalnih preduzeća, napredne ideje socijalnog preduzetništva i njegove uloge u privrednom životu Srbije. Rad iznosi i analizira nekoliko primera koje bismo mogli označiti pripadnicima nove generacije socijalnih preduzetnika. Takođe, identifikovani su faktori koji u ovom trenutku podržavaju razvoj socijalnog preduzetništva u Srbiji, ali i oni koji ga blokiraju. Na osnovu svega, izvedene su konkretne preporuke za donosioce ekonomskih, socijalnih i političkih odluka u Srbiji

Uticaj slušnih pomagala na auditivnu percepciju i neposredno verbalno pamćenje kod dece sa bimodalnom stimulacijom

Introduction: The combination of electric stimulation from cochlear implant (CI) with acoustic stimulation from hearing aid (HA), otherwise known as bimodal hearing, may provide several binaural benefits including binaural summation, binaural squelch, reduction of the head shadow effect, and improved localization. Purpose: This study investigated the influence of preoperative rehabilitation and bilateral HA use, bimodal stimulation post-implantation (CI on one ear and HA on the non-implanted ear) and hearing thresholds in the verbal short-term memory. Method: Immediate verbal memory test for Serbian language consisting of four subtests was used for auditory perception testing on 21 pre-lingually deaf children. Results: Duration of bimodal hearing proved to be significant in the terms of auditory perception and verbal short-term memory. Mid- and high-frequency amplified thresholds on the non-implanted ear were correlated with poorer perception and reproduction of monosyllables and nonsense words. Conclusion: Duration of bimodal hearing proved to be significant in the terms of auditory perception, speech reproduction and semantic ability. Patients with a unilateral cochlear implant who have measurable residual hearing in the non-implanted ear should be individually fitted with a hearing aid in that ear, to improve speech perception and maximize binaural sensitivity.Kombinacija električne stimulacije kohlearnog implanta (KI) i akustične stimulacije slušnog pomagala (SP), poznata kao bimodalni sluh, može imati razne binauralne prednosti koje uključuju binauralnu stimulaciju, binauralno sažimanje, redukciju eho efekta i unapređenje lokalizacije izvora zvuka. Cilj: U ovom istraživanju je ispitan uticaj preoperativne rehabilitacije i upotrebe bilateralnog slušnog pomagala, bimodalne stimulacije nakon implantacije (KI na jednom uhu i SP na neimplantiranom uhu) i pragova sluha u implantiranom i neimplantiranom uhu na auditivnu percepciju i verbalno kratkotrajno pamćenje. Metod: Za ispitivanje auditivne percepcije kod dvadeset jednog prelingvalno gluvog deteta korišćen je Test za ispitivanje verbalnog pamćenja za srpski jezik, koji se sastoji od četiri podtesta. Rezultati: Pokazalo se da je trajanje bimodalnog sluha značajno kod auditivne percepcije i verbalnog kratkotrajnog pamćenja. Povećani pragovi srednje i visoke frekvencije na neimplantiranom uhu bili su u korelaciji sa slabijom percepcijom i reprodukcijom jednosložnih i besmislenih reči. Zaključak: Pokazalo se da je trajanje bimodalnog sluha značajno za auditivnu percepciju, reprodukciju govora i semantičku sposobnost. Pacijentima sa unilateralnim kohlearnim implantom, sa merljivim rezidualnim sluhom na neimplantiranom uhu, trebalo bi ugraditi slušno pomagalo u to uho, kako bi se poboljšala percepcija govora i maksimizovala binauralna osetljivost

Receptive speech in early implanted children later diagnosed with autism

Introduction: Incidence of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising through the years with estimated 1 in 68 in the US in 2014. This incidence is also rising in the population of congenitally deaf children. Favorable outcome after early cochlear implantation is expected due to plasticity and reorganization capacity of brain in infants and toddlers, but outcomes could be significantly modified in children with diagnosed ASD. Current methods of screening for autism have difficulties in establishing diagnosis in children who have both autism and other developmental delays, especially at such an early age. The aim of the study was to assess the development of auditory perception and speech intelligibility in implanted children with profound congenital hearing loss who were diagnosed with ASD comparing to those who were typically developing. Material and methods: Fourteen children underwent cochlear implantation; four were later diagnosed with ASD and ten were typically developing. All children underwent intensive postoperative speech and hearing therapy. The development of auditory perception and speech intelligibility was assessed using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) during the 5-years follow-up. Results: In children later diagnosed with ASD, auditory processing developed slowly. Depending on the individual capabilities, by the age of six they could identify environmental sounds or discriminate speech sounds. Speech Intelligibility in children with ASD was at best rated as category 2, with very little or no progress up to the age of six, despite extensive speech and language therapy. Communication skills were strongly affected by a degree of autistic features expression. Conclusion: Preoperative psychological assessment in congenitally deaf infants should be expanded by the use of validated instruments for early detection of autism. The possibility of developing ASD should be kept in mind by all professionals involved in programs for cochlear implantation

Networking effects on social enterprises’ innovativeness

In the paper, the connection between networking and the innovativeness of social enterprises is explored. The research is motivated by the idea of understanding the impact of networking on the innovation of this special type of organizations that, due to its hybrid nature, has the potential to respond to today’s economic and social challenges. The research is based on a sample of 837 social enterprises from 11 European countries. The results showed that networking was one of the key features of these organizations, as more than 90% of the surveyed organizations cooperated with other organizations, but also that networking itself did not affect the innovation of social enterprises. A more detailed analysis shows the differences that the networking forms and organizational age have on innovation

Inhalation plus intravenous colistin versus intravenous colistin alone for treatment of ventilator associated pneumonia

In the setting of intensive care units the incidences of multi-drug resistant gram-negative (MDR-GN) pathogens causing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) has increased, leading clinicians to use colistin. Our aim was to assess outcomes associated with the use of inhalation and intravenous colisitn versus only intravenous colistin in patients with MDR-GN VAP. A retrospective, single centre study at University Hospital Centre, Zagreb. Patients were divided in two groups, according to their administration of antibiotics – inhalation and intravenous (INH+IV) administration for 8 patients or intravenous only (IV) administration for 23 patients. The results showed that demographic and clinical characteristics and the gram negative pathogens isolated were similar between the two groups, except for K. pneumoniae, which was higher in the IV group. No statistically significant difference between the two groups were observed regarding intensive care unit mortality (P=0.951), sepsis (P=0.474), acute respiratory distress syndrome (P=0.548), length of ICU stay (P=0.686) and length of mechanical ventilation (P=0.858). A statistically significant difference was found regarding the eradication of pathogens in respiratory cultures (P= 0.018). The addition of inhalation to intravenous colistin in MDR-GN VAP improves microbiologic outcome, but does not improve ICU mortality in these patients. Larger prospective trials are warranted to confirm the benefit of adjunctive inhalation colistin as a MDR-GN VAP therapy in the critically ill

Numerical and Biological Modeling Approach in the Analysis of the Cancer Viability and Apoptosis

Biomedicine is a multidisciplinary branch of science that requires a clear approach to the study and analysis of various life processes necessary for a deeper understanding of human health. This research focuses on the use of numerical simulations with the aim of an improved comprehension of cancer viability and apoptosis during treatment with commercial chemotherapeutic agents. In recent times, the usage of numerical models was successfully applied to predict the behavior of tumors. This study includes a wide range of numerical results that have been obtained by examining cell viability in real-time, determining the type of cell death and the genetic factors that control these processes. The results of the in vitro test were used to develop a numerical model that provides a new perspective on the proposed problem. In this study, colon, and breast cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231), as well as healthy lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) were treated with commercial chemotherapeutic agents. The obtained results showed a decrease in viability and the occurrence of predominantly late apoptosis upon treatment, as well as a strong correlation between parameters. A mathematical model was developed and used to gain a better understanding of the investigated processes. This method can accurately simulate the behavior of cancer cells and reliably predict their growth.Book of abstract: 4th Belgrade Bioinformatics Conference, June 19-23, 202

The happy victimizer phenomenon: Not found here

Children’s attribution of emotions to a moral transgressor is an important research topic in the psychology of moral and emotional development. This is especially because of the so-called Happy Victimizer Phenomenon (HVP) where younger children attribute positive emotions to a moral transgressor described in a story. In the two studies that we have conducted (children aged 5, 7 and 9, 20 of each age; 10 of each age in the second study) we have tested the possible influence of the fear of sanctions and the type of transgression (stealing and inflicting body injuries) on the attribution of emotions. Children were presented with stories that described transgressions and they were asked to answer how the transgressor felt. The fear of sanctions did not make a significant difference in attribution but the type of transgression did - more negative emotions were attributed for inflicting body injuries than for stealing. Positive emotions were explained with situational-instrumental explanations in 84% of cases while negative emotions were explained with moral explanations in 63,5%. Girls attributed more positive emotions (61%) than boys (39%). However, our main finding was that, for the aforementioned age groups, we did not find the HVP effect although it has regularly been registered in foreign studies. This finding denies the generalizability of the phenomenon and points to the significance of disciplining styles and, even more so, culture for children’s attribution of emotions to moral transgressors

Social Enterprises in Serbia: Analysis of Key Development Factors, Major Actors and their Relationships

In this paper we present evidence from the empirical research which focuses on social entrepreneurship (SE) in Serbia. We analysed the key factors that influence the development of social enterprises, the major actors in the sector and the relationships established among them. Our data show that owners are the dominant stakeholder group influencing SE business and that they are followed by the customers. The influence of the market vs the influence of the regulations changes with the change in size of the enterprise. The importance of the state also changes with the change in size. Though social enterprises operate in the network characterised by the trust among the actors, high quality cooperation and embeddedness into a network of closely tied business relations, the level of influence that sector itself has is perceived very low

How can the efficiency of corporate governance in Serbian state-owned enterprises be increased?

This paper focuses on the practical coexistence of agency and stewardship theories. By analysing the three dimensions of government structures, compensation schemes, and monitoring activities, we show that this coexistence is possible due to several situational factors. Using field research data, we examine the causes of this coexistence and the effects it has on the efficiency and effectiveness of corporate governance, and question the practical sustainability of this dualism. We conclude that coexistence is possible but is unsustainable, and it would be wrong to support such a situation for a long period of time. We discuss paths of potential action and their implications for key stakeholders

Designing a Learning Network Organization

This paper aims to contribute to filling the knowledge gap on practical, non-vague recommendations how to design a learning organization, usingthe analysis of organizational network structure in the context of organizational learning. We draw on the importance of organizational design as an enabler of organizational learning. We usea research case study approach as an empirical background. We apply organizational network analysis in order to describe how network density, reciprocity, reachability, blocks and cut-points as well as design efficiency – effectiveness balance can promote support and enable learning. We define practical implications for managers on how to manage work and knowledge flows in their organizations