Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis patterns of 7 <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> 4/O:3 strains isolated from animals and humans.

<p>C: Control <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> 4/O:3 strain IP134, M: middle range molecular size marker, 1: IP35470; 2: IP35471; 3: IP35472; 4: IP35474; 5: IP35475; 6: IP35477; 7: IP35478.</p

Average number of spontaneous Rif^R and Nal^R mutants in colonies with various phage types.

<p>Average number of spontaneous Rif^R and Nal^R mutants in colonies with various phage types.</p

Samples analyzed for the detection of <i>Yersinia</i> strains in animals and humans.

<p>Samples analyzed for the detection of <i>Yersinia</i> strains in animals and humans.</p

Characteristics of the <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> strains isolated from human and animal samples.

<p>Characteristics of the <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> strains isolated from human and animal samples.</p

Minimal spanning tree of the <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> 4/O:3 strains isolated from pigs and humans in the Abidjan district.

<p>IP134 is a non-Ivorian <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> 4/O:3/VIII strain. Letters into brackets indicate the pig farm (A, B, C) or the human (H) origin of the strains.</p

Location of the sampling farms and hospitals in the Abidjan district.

<p>Red circles indicate the location of the farms (A, B and C) from which <i>Yersinia</i> strains were isolated, and blue circles (H) the location of the hospitals where human cases of yersiniosis were identified.</p

Pair-wise analysis of SNPs among Ivorian <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> strains and an epidemiologically unrelated 4/O:3 isolate.

<p>Pair-wise analysis of SNPs among Ivorian <i>Y</i>. <i>enterocolitica</i> strains and an epidemiologically unrelated 4/O:3 isolate.</p

Characteristics of patients and controls.

a<p>Mean age (year).</p>b<p>M, males; F, females.</p>c<p>Percentage of samples with signal superior to background.</p>d<p>Newly diagnosed.</p>e<p>Treated for 2 to 8 weeks.</p>f<p>Completed the treatment.</p>g<p>Healthy control from the same endemic zone.</p><p>NA: not applicable; ND: not determined.</p

Structurally intact mycolactone is detected in ulcer exudates of BU patients.

<p>(A) Example of the fluorescence signals given by ulcer exudates (lanes 2–5), compared to pure mycolactone (lane 1) following analysis by TLC-Fluo. The band corresponding to mycolactone is designated by an asterisk. (B) HPLC elution profiles are shown for reference mycolactone (100 ng) and for one representative ulcer exudate among the 20 positive ones. The corresponding MS/MS spectra are presented, with mycolactone parent ion (P.I.) and products designated by asterisks. Similar MS/MS spectra were obtained from HPLC elution peaks collected from three positive patients.</p

Mycolactone concentration in the serum of BU patients during antibiotic therapy.

<p>Mean concentration of mycolactone in serum samples collected before (0 week), during (2 to 8 weeks of treatment), or after completion of the 8 week antibiotic treatment. Dashed horizontal line indicates detection threshold.</p