Renewable energy deployment and covid-19 measures for sustainable development

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of restrictive measures introduced in connection with COVID-19 on consumption in renewable energy markets. The study will be based on the hypothesis that similar changes in human behavior can be expected in the future with the further spread of COVID-19 and/or the introduction of additional quarantine measures around the world. The analysis also yielded additional results. The strongest reductions in energy generation occurred in countries with a high percentage (more than 80%) of urban population (Brazil, USA, the United Kingdom and Germany). This study uses two models created with the Keras Long Short-Term Memory (Keras LSTM) Model, and 76 and 10 parameters are involved. This article suggests that various restrictive strategies reduced the sustainable demand for renewable energy and led to a drop in economic growth, slowing the growth of COVID-19 infections in 2020. It is unknown to what extent the observed slowdown in the spread from March 2020 to September 2020 due to the policy’s impact and not the interaction between the virus and the external environment. All renewable energy producers decreased the volume of renewable energy market supply in 2020 (except China)

The impact of Two-way FDI on the upgrading of global value chain of China’s manufacturing industry

Manufacturing industry is the leading industry in China’s national economy. The participation of global value chain (GVC) in China’s manufacturing industry is very high, whereas its GVC status is very low. The inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) are the main ways for China’s manufacturing industry to integrate into the global value chain. Previous studies mainly focused on the upgrading of GVC in China’s manufacturing industry from the perspective of single IFDI or single OFDI. This paper takes the perspective of “Two-Way FDI” as the starting point. Using the panel data of China’s manufacturing sub-industries, this paper analyzes the mechanism of IFDI, OFDI and two-way FDI influencing GVC. The Fixed Effect Model is established to analyze the impact of IFDI, OFDI and two-way FDI on GVC upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry

Exploring the nexus between economic and environmental issues in the tourism sector at the country level. A replicable framework

In recent years, the tourism activities take experienced a steady growth in demand, yet it causes ecological damages, such as waste production and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper provides a theoretical framework for testing the interactions among sustainable development and economic growth in the tourism context and demonstrates that sustainability depends on both environmental impacts and some relationships among different factors. In particular, considering some of the key indicators proposed by Agenda 2030 and integrated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the authors focused on the direct influence of tourism to Gross Domestic Product (TGDP), Environmental Performance Indicator (EPI) score, and Carbon Footprint (CF) as indicators that were used together with GDP and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to test five hypotheses and analyze their interactions for a sample country. The results reveal the statistical significance among these indicators in the light of Sustainable Development Goals n. 8, n. 12, and n. 13. Finally, Municipal Solid Waste, the first visible human effect due to tourism, presents a strong interaction with Carbon Footprint

Digital inclusive finance, R&D investment, and green technology innovation nexus.

Green technology innovation is an effective means to achieve high-quality economic development. The impact and mechanism of digital financial inclusion on regional green technology innovation are tested using a threshold regression model and the panel fixed effect model, based on China's provincial Panel data (provincial Panel data are regional annual report data) from 2011 to 2020. According to the study, there is a direct link between local green technology innovation and digital financial inclusion. This paper highlights the differences in their influence by location and usage depth and underscores the necessity of government engagement to improve these characteristics. Information infrastructure needs to be strengthened, especially in areas with gaps. Greater investment in research and development (R&D) indirectly supports regional green technology innovation since it is impacted by digital financial inclusion. Interestingly, a threshold effect becomes most noticeable when digital financial inclusion rises above a particular threshold. Promoting utilizing digital financial inclusion to lessen regional differences in green technology innovation is important

The impact of labor mobility with fellow townsmen on the wages of rural migrants: evidence from China

Abstract Labor mobility is an inherent component of economic development and labor market changes. With globalization and urbanization, labor mobility is on the rise in many developing countries, and it is of great significance to study the economic outcomes and poverty alleviation effects of this phenomenon. This paper explores the impact of labor mobility on the wages of rural migrants when they move out with their fellow townsmen (folks from the same county). The study uses the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data and applies the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method for empirical analysis. Our results suggest that labor mobility with fellow townsmen significantly increases the wages of rural migrants. The paper shows two promotion mechanisms: mobility with fellow townsmen affects the wages of rural migrants by improving their ability to search for information and negotiate wages. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that mobility with fellow townsmen significantly increases the wages of rural migrants engaged in producer service, consumer service, blue-collar occupations, and working in state-owned and private enterprises. Furthermore, it has a more positive impact on the wages of older rural migrants from an intergenerational perspective. Interestingly, rural migrants may “give up” part of their wages to care for their families when they move with their spouses, parents, or children. Therefore, the government needs to take effective policy measures to promote the employment service system and improve the labor rights and interests protection mechanism for rural migrants

Developing green marketing tourism in Perak, Malaysia

Perak is the second largest state in Malaysia. Meanwhile, the trend of tourists to Perak has declined. The local government is working with the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture to increase the number of tourists for the Visit Malaysia 2020 program. They focus on campaigning for markets: Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Central and East Asia. Meanwhile, environmental health problems worsen the quality of tourist destinations in Perak. To respond to this program, they are trying to increase a tourist visits by conducting a Silver Tourism promotion campaign that uses English and Chinese as part of its marketing strategy. The aim is to increase the attractiveness of tourists from Europe and China. We recommend paying attention to social influences, environmental awareness, pro-environment behavior, and awareness of pro-environment behavior. By paying attention and building this empathy, it will prepare the application of green marketing strategy

Changes in Trends During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Tourism and Plastic Industries

Since February 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has created a significant disruption of global markets with important effects on the personal, social, economic and professional lives of the people. The uncertainty and fear of the society, together with the severe limitations imposed on a global level, has made tourism one of the sectors most affected by the crisis, contributing significantly to the decrease in the consumption of products packaged in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), which is widely used in the tourism-related activities. These issues, jointly with the heavy reduction of industrial production, led to an inevitable collapse in oil demand, which made virgin plastics cheaper than recycled ones. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism sector, examining the consequences of this impact on the consumption of PET and R-PET (Recycled PET). The research methodology firstly involves an investigation of the scientific literature and data sector, comparing 2019 and 2020, in order to highlight the significant issues and changes, both in international arrivals and environmental effects, occurred in the global tourism during the pandemic period. Secondly, by analysing the trends of oil prices, an economic focus on PET and R-PET industry was carried out. A strong correlation was found between the collapse of the tourism market, a decrease in the price of oil, and consequently an increase in the use of virgin PET. This paper adds new insights on the distortive effects on the economics and environment, due to pandemic. Finally, the public health crisis represents a great opportunity to consider tourism holistically in terms of its effects on the environment and climate, but also on consumer and producer behaviours

Analyzing the Borderlands: A Regional Report on the Colombia–Ecuador Border on Political, Economic, Social, Legal, and Environment Aspects

This regional report critically analyzes the historical Colombia–Ecuador border issues using a PESL (political, economic, social, and legal) lens, extended in PESTLE, considering this a strategic planning approach, which includes the additional aspects of Legal and Environmental. Most studies of this region focus on terror, drug trafficking, and illegal border crossing, but other problems in this region remain understudied. Our review shows that, apart from the political issues, some social (gender-based violence), economic (unemployment), and legal issues (forced illicit activities) are prevalent in this border region. Mutual effective measures and policy actions are recommended to both the Colombian and Ecuadorian governments to improve border security issues, enhance economic activities, and mitigate social and environmental losses

The Sustainability Management in the Cruise Tourism – An Application

This chapter aims to present the sustainability management in the cruise industry, a constantly growing sector, except in 2020 and 2021, which were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. After a literature review that highlighted a limited research interest in these topics, the authors presented the results of a structured analysis conducted in several steps. Firstly, this study focused on the evolution of the cruise sector in terms of the growth of passengers in the last twenty years. Secondly, the authors analyzed the environmental policies adopted by cruise shipping companies and finally, they presented the results of the evaluation of the eco-friendly behavior of cruise passengers

The Tourism Industry Orienteering Towards the Achievement of SDGs at the Country Level

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been developed by UN in 2015 with the aim to achieve a sustainable balance by 2030. Among these, 8 and 12 SDGs contain several indicators to analyze the level of sustainability implementation in tourism sector. Particularly, this industry has experienced a steady growth in demand, yet causing environmental and social impacts. For this reason, this study aims to assess at country level three standard frameworks (Tourism Satellite Accounts – TSA, System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – SEEA and Tourism Gross Domestic Product – TGDP) involved in 8 and 12 SDGs. Particularly, the methodology, based on Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach, consisted into a general goal, four research questions and six metrics for evaluating the sustainability implementation at country level and the investigation period was 2016-2019 and it referred to 156 world countries. Moreover, through TGDP per country, according to 8.9.1 indicator, and TSA and SEEA, according to 12.b.1 indicator, the authors analyze the level of sustainability achieved at country level. The results showed that tourism industry was receiving particular attention from countries, but there is a need for greater awareness at the country level to disclose the instruments implemented and the levels of sustainability achieved