BHAGANDARA AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Bhagandara has been described by Acharya Sushruta as one among Ashtamaharoga (eight major diseases) which is difficult to cure. This disease has been described in Ayurvedic texts in great detail. The etiopathogenesis, symptoms, types, preventive measures and curative aspects have been mentioned in detail. Ayurveda recommends a multi-dimensional approach in the treatment of this callous disease. The para-surgical and surgical techniques mentioned by Acharya Sushruta have been found very effective in the management of Bhagandara and Ksharsutra treatment in this disease has emerged as an effective and safe remedy in its management which has been accepted globally. The introduction of modern surgical methods of Fistulotomy and Fistulectomy were initially considered a boon for the treatment of this disease but their long standing side effects such as incontinence and recurrence made these techniques unsuitable for the majority of the Fistula-in-ano patients and the majority of these patients are turning towards Ayurvedic Ksharsutra therapy for treating this notorious disease. The popularity and efficacy of Ksharsutra treatment can be assessed from this fact that modern Surgeons refer these patients to Ayurvedic Surgeons for their successful management

Self-consistent axisymmetric Sridhar-Touma models

We construct phase-space distribution functions for the oblate, cuspy mass models of Sridhar & Touma, which may contain a central point mass (black hole) and have potentials of St\"ackel form in parabolic coordinates. The density in the ST models is proportional to a power $r^{-\gamma}$ of the radius, with $0<\gamma<1$. We derive distribution functions $f(E, L_z)$ for the scale-free ST models (no black hole) using a power series of the energy $E$ and the component $L_z$ of the angular momentum parallel to the symmetry axis. We use the contour integral method of Hunter & Qian to construct $f(E, L_z)$ for ST models with central black holes, and employ the scheme introduced by Dejonghe & de Zeeuw to derive more general distribution functions which depend on $E$, $L_z$ and the exact third integral $I_3$. We find that self-consistent two- and three-integral distribution functions exist for all values $0 < \gamma < 1$.Comment: 10 pages, 11 Figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

Scale-free equilibria of self-gravitating gaseous disks with flat rotation curves

We introduce exact analytical solutions of the steady-state hydrodynamic equations of scale-free, self-gravitating gaseous disks with flat rotation curves. We express the velocity field in terms of a stream function and obtain a third-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) for the angular part of the stream function. We present the closed-form solutions of the obtained ODE and construct hydrodynamical counterparts of the power-law and elliptic disks, for which self-consistent stellar dynamical models are known. We show that the kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud can well be explained by our findings for scale-free elliptic disks.Comment: AAS preprint format, 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Introduction to Fifth Special Issue on Electroporation-Based Technologies and Treatments

This special issue of the Journal of Membrane Biology contains reports on recent developments in the field of electroporation by participants in the International Workshop and Postgraduate Course on Electroporation-Based Technologies and Treatments held in November 2014 in Ljubljana. This was the eighth session of what is now an annual event, first organized in 2003