Manejo alternativo de nematoides de galha (Meloidogyne incognita) em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The bean diseases have been responsible for major yield losses. The root-knot caused by the nematode Meloidogyne have been highlighted in recent years, especially in the soybean growing regions. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of induction of resistance by Trichoderma and plant extracts compared with chemical terbufos and water in controlling nematode galls. Thousand nematode larvae J2 were inoculated in the root system of each plant. The evaluation took place 60 days after inoculation. The use of terbufos was efficient, but with the entire load of environmental impact. Alternative treatments of applying Trichoderma to the soil and incorporation of crotalaria leaves in the ground exerted the greatest effect in reducing the severity of disease and pathogen in greenhouse conditions.As doenças do feijoeiro têm sido responsáveis por grandes perdas na produtividade. Os nematoides de galhas do gênero Meloidogyne têm se destacado nos últimos anos, especialmente em regiões produtoras de soja. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de indução de resistência por Trichoderma e extratos de plantas comparados com o produto químico terbufós e água no controle de nematoides de galhas. Mil formas infestantes J2 foram inoculadas junto ao sistema radicular de cada planta. A avaliação ocorreu 60 dias após a inoculação. O uso de terbufós foi eficiente, porém com toda a carga de impacto ambiental.’Os tratamentos alternativos de aplicação de Trichoderma ao solo e incorporação de folhas de crotalaria ao solo exerceram os maiores efeitos na redução da severidade da doença e do patógeno em condições de casa de vegetação

Mortalidade e motilidade de Meloidogyne incognita em extrato aquoso de alecrim

Nematodes, especially Meloidogyne sp., are hard to control due their aggressiveness and the lack of products registered for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro nematicide / nematostatic potential of 1%, 5% and 10% of aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) against M. incognita. The experiment was conducted in the Nematology Laboratory of Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments, using three concentrations of aqueous extract of rosemary and water as control treatment, with five replicates each. Motility and mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) were evaluated after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The rosemary extract showed nematostatic effect, with 97% of nematode movement reduction, and nematicide effect, with 83% of mortality.  Os nematoides, em especial Meloidogyne sp., apresentam como característica o difícil controle devido a sua agressividade, além da escassez de produtos registrados para esse fim. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em ensaio in vitro o potencial nematicida/nematostático das concentrações de 1%, 5% e 10% do extrato aquoso de Rosmarinus officinalis para M. incognita. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Nematologia da Unioeste campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, composto por quatro tratamentos, utilizando as três concentrações de extrato aquoso de alecrim e a testemunha água, com cinco repetições cada. Foram avaliadas a motilidade e a mortalidade das formas juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) após 24 e 48 h, respectivamente. O extrato de alecrim apresentou tanto efeito nematostático, com até 97% de paralização do movimento dos nematoides, quanto nematicida, com até 83% de mortalidade

Biological properties of turmeric

Curcuma spp. (turmeric) has been used since ancient days in popular medicine and gastronomy. Many of its bioactive compounds have just recently been identified and characterized as potential source of new medicines. In this review will relate aspects of cultivated turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), including taxonomy, chemical composition, production and processing, and biological activities such as the action against fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa and viruses, including those of importance for human health, agriculture and food science

Toxicidade in vitro e controle de Meloidogyne incognita em soja por extrato aquoso de alecrim

The control of nematodes in plants can be challenging, and there is a need for alternative, environmentally conscious methods for their management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) on the in vitro toxicity and control of Meloidogyne incognita in CD 206 and CD 215 soybean cultivars. Using an in vitro assay, 500 M. incognita eggs per plate were observed for 15 days after incubation with rosemary extract at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Soybean plants were studied under greenhouse conditions, and starting at V3 stage, were sprayed weekly with the same concentration of rosemary extract for 64 days. Three days after the first treatment, each soybean plant was inoculated with 1800 eggs and 400 second-stage juveniles (J2). At the end of this essay, number of eggs and J2 in the roots and soil, number of galls, and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Our results showed that in the in vitro assay, rosemary extract reduced the number of M. incognita eggs that hatched. Under greenhouse conditions, the CD 206 cultivar showed a 48% reduction in the number of galls, as well as fewer eggs in the soil and a lower RF. Similarly, in the CD 215 cultivar, the number of eggs was reduced and the RF was lower. These results indicate the potential for rosemary extract to control M. incognita in soybean crops. Devido à dificuldade de manejo de nematoides e a necessidade de desenvolver métodos alternativos de controle, objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade in vitro do extrato aquoso de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis), assim como sua capacidade de controle de Meloidogyne incognita nos genótipos de soja CD206 e CD215. Em ensaio in vitro, para avaliar a capacidade inibitória de eclosão de juvenis, depositou-se 500 ovos/placa quantificando o número de juvenis eclodidos após 15 dias de incubação com 1%, 5% e 10% do extrato aquoso de alecrim. O ensaio in vivo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação climatizada, usando-se as mesmas concentrações do extrato de alecrim, pulverizado semanalmente sobre as plantas pelo período de 64 dias, iniciando no estádio fenológico V3. Três dias após a primeira pulverização inoculou-se 1800 ovos e 400 juvenis de segundo estágio (J2). O número de ovos e J2 no solo e raiz, o número de galhas e o fator de reprodução foram determinados. Os resultados indicaram que in vitro, o extrato de alecrim reduziu a eclosão de juvenis. Em soja, verificou-se redução de 48% no número de galhas, além da redução no número de ovos no solo e no fator de reprodução para a cultivar CD 206. Para CD 215 houve redução no número de ovos e no fator de reprodução. Assim, o extrato aquoso de alecrim apresenta potencial para manejo de M. incognita em soja

Nematicide and nematostatic potential of Curcuma longa on Meloidogyne incognita

The root knot nematodes can reduce yield potential of plants, thus requiring searching control methods that are effective and eco-friendly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of turmeric rhizome aqueous extract (Curcuma longa) on hatching, immobilization and mortality of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. A completely randomized design was used, with concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% of turmeric extract and distilled water as a control treatment, with four replications. The juveniles of nematodes were directly exposed to turmeric extract for 24 h, while eggs were exposed during 15 days. The turmeric extract on J2 of Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro tests, promoted from the concentration of 10% total paralysis of nematodes and in the concentration of 15% more than 90% mortality. All tested concentrations caused reduction in juveniles hatching. Thereby, the turmeric aqueous extract has nematicidal potential against M. incognita, encouraging its study in the interaction plant-nematode

Control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants with highly diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis and their effects on plant growth and defense metabolism

This work aimed to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L plants with high-diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis, and to study its effects on growth and plant defense responses. The in vivo experiment was carried out over two years (2013 and 2014) at a climatized greenhouse, whilst the in vitro experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Eight treatments were used (6, 12, 24, 50, 100, 200 and 400CH (Hahnemannian centesimal) of T. occidentalis, with water as control treatment). For the in vivo assay, in 2013 plants were inoculated with about 4850 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), while in 2014 they were inoculated with 5050 eggs and J2. The treatments were applied once a week, as 0.1% aqueous solutions onto the plant shoots, for 50 and 40 days respectively. For the in vitro experiment, the nematodes were directly exposed to the same 0.1% treatments. The treatments did not show nematostatic or nematicide effects in the in vitro assay, and had no influence on the hatching of the eggs. For the in vivo assay in 2013, T. occidentalis 100CH decreased the number of J2 present in the roots, whilst the dynamization of 200CH stimulated root development and increased the weight of the fruits of the first cluster. In 2014, 100CH decreased numbers of J2 in the soil. Some dynamization increased the plant’s defense enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (24, 50, 200 and 400CH), polyphenoloxidase (200CH), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (24 and 50CH). In this study, T. occidentalis 100CH showed potential for the control of M. incognita, whilst 24 and 200CH influenced the growth of plants