Temporal patterns in Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and unknown viral encephalopathy (UVE) in Nepal, 2007–2011.

<p>a) Seasonal distribution of AES (line), JE (light bars) and UVE (dark bars) cases over the study period. b) Time series of AES (solid), JE (light dots) and UVE (dark dash) cases over the study period.</p

Landscape pattern indices used to quantify landscape patterns in Nepal based on Global Land Cover 2000 classification.

<p>All indices are computed at the district level.</p

Annual trends in a) the proportion of cases under the age of 16 and b) the proportion of cases vaccinated in Nepal, 2007–2011.

<p>(JE - Japanese Encephalitis, Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), unknown viral encephalopathy UVE).</p

Descriptive statistics of Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Unknown Viral Encephalopathy (UVE) in Nepal, 2007–2011.

<p>Descriptive statistics of Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Unknown Viral Encephalopathy (UVE) in Nepal, 2007–2011.</p

Maximum standardized incidence ratios over the study period for a) Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and b) Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES).

<p>Maximum standardized incidence ratios over the study period for a) Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and b) Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES).</p

Maps of geographically weighted regression analysis for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and relationships with selected landscape pattern indices.

<p>Maps of geographically weighted regression analysis for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and relationships with selected landscape pattern indices.</p

Landscape pattern indices (LPIs) used to investigate relationships between landcover and disease risk.

<p>The interspersion juxtaposition index (IJI) measures the relative spatial mixing of a landcover class in the study area. Edge density (ED) measures the amount of edge relative to the total area (class and landscape), while the number of patches (NumP) reports the total and class level number of contiguous landcover classes. Class 2 was chosen to illustrate class level LPIs in the random map drawn from a Binomial distribution (a) and the result of a median filter on the same map (b) which maintained the relative proportion of class 2 (∼32%).</p

Final logistic regression model farmer knowledge of Japanese Encephalitis and predictors (Cox and Snell; R² = 0.197).

<p>Final logistic regression model farmer knowledge of Japanese Encephalitis and predictors (Cox and Snell; R²  =  0.197).</p

Use of mosquito avoiding practices by 400 pig farmers in four different districts in Nepal.

<p>NT indicates associations were not tested because of the magnitude of difference.</p

Pig and human clinical signs compatible with Japanese Encephalitis as reported by 400 pig farmers in four districts of Nepal.

<p>NT indicates associations were not tested because of the magnitude of difference.</p