The cloning and characterization of TOAD-64: a gene expressed transiently during neuronal differentiation in the mammalian nervous system

During the development of the mammalian central nervous system, a pool of morphologically homogeneous, mitotically active progenitor cells in the neural tube gives rise to the enormously diverse population of postmitotic cells that assume the properties of neurons or glia. Postmitotic neurons elaborate processes that are involved in the migration of neurons to their adult positions as well as the elaboration of axonal and dendritic arbors that will ultimately form specific synaptic contacts. The generation of postmitotic neurons from precursor cells is a central differentiative event in development, but molecular markers of this event are few.Using 2D gel electrophoresis, proteins that are developmentally regulated over the course of neurogenesis were identified. One of these, TOAD-64 (Turned On After Division, 64kDa) is expressed by neurons immediately after their birth, and is dramatically down-regulated in the adult.The expression of the TOAD-64 protein and gene is coincident with initial neuronal differentiation and down regulated when the majority of axon growth is complete. TOAD-64 is up-regulated following neuronal induction of P19 and PC12 cells; it is re-expressed in adult spinal motor neurons following axotomy of the sciatic nerve; and is present on the lamellipodia and filopodia of growth cones.The gene encoding TOAD-64 shows sequence homology to the unc-33 gene of C. elegans, mutations in which lead to aberrations in axon outgrowth. A chick homolog (CRMP-62) of TOAD-64 has also recently been cloned, and appears to mediate growth cone collapse in response to collapsin, suggesting a similar role for TOAD-64 in the rat.Taken together these results suggest that TOAD-64 may be a central element in the processes underlying axonal outgrowth and pathfinding

Baron-sur-Odon – Le Bois de la Huche

Du 24 avril au 17 mai 2017, une équipe de 25 Américains, dirigée par le Dr. Penny Minturn de la Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, a réalisé une opération de sondages à la recherche de trois soldats portés disparus suite au crash de leur bombardier B-26 le 22 juin 1944. L’équipe de la DPAA a réussi à retrouver des restes humains d’un soldat ainsi que des preuves matérielles liées au crash. Le Staff Sgt John H. Canty, l’ingénieur faisant partie de l’équipage, a été identifié grâce à une analys..

Morning Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-me/1155/thumbnail.jp

Demographics and quality of life effects of normobaric oxygen on cohort of patients with retinal vein occlusions

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of normobaric oxygen in patients diagnosed with either a Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) or Branched Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) who had previously undergone treatment via Anti-VEGF or PRP treatment. The investigation looked into the changes in Macular Thickness (MT) and Visual Acuity (VA). METHODS: This pilot study analyzed patient data from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA) that had been diagnosed with Retinal Vein Occlusions. The patients were brought in and given 3 hours of normobaric oxygen via an oxygen concentrator with imaging and vision checked both before and after the therapy. RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of our patients in this pilot study saw a decrease in macular thickness after 3-hour oxygen therapy. The mean change in Maximal Macular Thickness was a decrease of 7.1% which was statistically significant when compared to healthy eyes (p<0.001). Additionally, 44% of patients saw an increase in visual acuity, the primary measure of vision. Visual acuity showed a statistically significant change when compared to changes in healthy eyes (p=0.015). No statistical significance was found in the testing of contrast sensitivity nor intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION: Our study showed improvement in central macular thickness and quality of life for individuals using noninvasive normobaric hyperoxia as a treatment for retinal vein occlusions. However, further research is needed to improve the impact of the study and a full randomized control trial should be implemented to further understand the potential impacts of a noninvasive normobaric hyperoxia treatment as a means to alleviate symptoms in retinal vein occlusions. In addition, in the future oxygen supplementation in conjunction with periodic injections of Anti- VEGF could be investigated as a treatment regimen with potential benefits beyond individual therapy.2020-06-17T00:00:00