Organización funcional, matricial… En busca de una estructura adecuada para la organización

The structure comprises the form in which the activities within an organization are divided, grouped and coordinated, as well as the relations between managers and employees, among managers and among employees. The functional organization is characterized by product/marketing, matrixial, lineal, formal and line-staff type. Subsequently, the factors that determine the number of levels in the structure of an organization and the characteristics of the current structure are analyzed

Organización funcional, matricial… En busca de una estructura adecuada para la organización

The structure comprises the form in which the activities within an organization are divided, grouped and coordinated, as well as the relations between managers and employees, among managers and among employees. The functional organization is characterized by product/marketing, matrixial, lineal, formal and line-staff type. Subsequently, the factors that determine the number of levels in the structure of an organization and the characteristics of the current structure are analyzed

Multi-level modeling of social factors and preterm delivery in Santiago de Chile

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Birth before the 37th week of gestation (preterm birth) is an important cause of infant and neonatal mortality, but has been little studied outside of wealthy nations. Chile is an urbanized Latin American nation classified as "middle-income" based on its annual income per capita of about $6000.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied the relations between maternal social status and neighborhood social status on risk of preterm delivery in this setting using multilevel regression analyses of vital statistics data linked to geocoded decennial census data. The analytic data set included 56,970 births from 2004 in the metropolitan region of Santiago, which constitutes about 70% of all births in the study area and about 25% of all births in Chile that year. Dimensionality of census data was reduced using principal components analysis, with regression scoring to create a single index of community socioeconomic advantage. This was modeled along with years of maternal education in order to predict preterm birth and preterm low birthweight.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Births in Santiago displayed an advantaged pattern of preterm risk, with only 6.4% of births delivering before 37 weeks. Associations were observed between risk of outcomes and individual and neighborhood factors, but the magnitudes of these associations were much more modest than reported in North America.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>While several potential explanations for this relatively flat social gradient might be considered, one possibility is that Chile's egalitarian approach to universal prenatal care may have reduced social inequalities in these reproductive outcomes.</p

Hacia una nueva cultura organizacional: la cultura del conocimiento

The culture of an organization comprises a dynamic set of values, ideas, habits and traditions shared by the persons being part of an organization that regulate its acting. The formal and informal culture are distinguished, and their elements, external and internal factors influencing on it, as well as the change of culture and the elements that need to be motivated and counteracted while searching a knowledge-oriented cuilture.La cultura de una organización comprende un conjunto dinámico de valores, ideas, hábitos y tradiciones, compartidos por las personas que integran una organización, que regulan su actuación. Se distingue la cultura formal e informal, se exponen sus elementos, los factores internos y externos que influyen en ella; así como el cambio de cultura y los elementos que son necesarios incentivar y contrarrestar en la búsqueda de una cultura orientada al conocimiento