Arboricoltura da legno e biomasse energetiche

Definizione e scopi dell'arboricoltura da legno e delle colture legnose per biomasse energetiche: modelli colturali, progettazione e realizzazione delle piantagioni. Scelta della forma di governo e del turno, gestione del suolo e potatura. Analisi di dettaglio della pioppicoltura per sfogliati e della pioppicoltura a ciclo breve (SRF) per la produzione di biomass

Fine Root Dynamics Of Pendunculate Oak And Narrow-Leaved Ash In A Mixed-Hardwood Plantation In Clay Soils

The minirhizotron technique was used to study the temporal dynamics of fine roots (diameter 642 mm) over a twelve-month period in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus oxyphylla Bieb.) trees growing in clay soil. The experiment was conducted in an eight-year-old mixed hardwood plantation established in northern Italy's Po lowlands on former farm land. Minirhizotron tubes were placed in mono-specific patches of oak and of ash and monitored from May 2000 to May 2001. Tubes were observed weekly from spring to fall and every two weeks during winter. The collected data for both species showed that while cumulative root length density of production (RLDp) and mortality (RLDm), as well as the RLDp's vertical and diameter distribution, did not differ statistically between them (RLDp was 7.6\ub10.89 and 7.31\ub10.74, RLDm 4.74\ub11.10 and 2.77\ub10.60 mm cm 122 yr 121 \ub1 Standard Error for oak and ash, respectively), the seasonal course of root production and mortality markedly differed. The oak trees displayed a nearly steady rate of root production from early spring regrowth to mid-autumn and the ash produced most of its fine roots over a shorter period, from March to late May. The rate of root mortality peaked during winter in oak and in ash was fairly constant throughout the experiment. The coarse fine roots (e.g., root 1.1\u20132.0 mm in diameter) in ash were preferentially produced in June and their frequency increased with soil depth and in oak were produced simultaneously and with the same vertical distribution of the smaller roots. Root median longevity (Lm) was slightly higher for ash than for oak and for summer than for fall and winter root cohorts; that in both species Lm was negatively related with root diameter confirms that roots smaller than 1.0 mm are highly dynamic. These findings may be relevant for a better understanding of the ecology of mixed pedunculate oak and narrow-leaved ash stands in clay soil

Multifunctional arboriculture

The original title of this textbook, General Arboriculture, reflected the developments and expanding range of scientific research in pomology, in its broadest sense of the term, and the tremendous advancements made over the past century in Italy and Europe. This topic has been dealt with in detail in different university courses focusing in particular on fruit-tree and woody-plant sciences, and included the theoretical aspects of tree biology and physiology. It also included practical cultural management knowledge like plantings, propagation, pruning and soil management. These subjects must be integrated and adapted to the needs of the syllabus of each course as they lay the ground for multi-disciplinary M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree courses that follow the undergraduate academic training. All the case studies exemplified in this volume illustrate how temperate fruit-tree species, including grape, olive and citrus crops play such a key role in Mediterranean fruit growing areas. Other woody species like ornamental and forestry trees, as well as urban horticulture and parklands, also fall within the context of the book, albeit to lesser extent. The sixteen chapters are designed so that the material in each can be used as a syllabus for a course on the topic. In other words, the specific topics can be adapted and combined to reach the desired objectives of a course programme. The information contained in the book can be bonified if intended to post-graduate degree programmes. The different chapters constitute the framework of the current knowledge in the field

Synthesis, Characterization and Structural Analysis of Two New Biguanide Complexes

This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of two new coordination compounds of the active pharmaceutical ingredient metformin and transition metals. The cobalt compound with the formula [Co(Met)3][CoCl4]Cl·3H2O is a complex salt formed by a cationic Co(III) octahedral and anionic Co(II) tetrahedral subunits. The Cu(II) complex is represented by the formula [(Cu(Met)Cl)2-μ-Cl2] and is a dimeric compound with two chloride anions acting as a bridge, forming shared-edge square pyramidal units. Both compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis