Drug comparison and categorizing regarded with human serum albumin from years 2006 to 2012

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein constituent of blood plasma. This protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acid residues, which has many important physiological functions. HSA can bind and carry many drugs, including anticoagulants, tranquilizers, and general Anesthetics. Some technique such as: fluorescence spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence, UV–visible, FT-IR, circular dichroism (CD), X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique and molecular modeling was utilized to investigate the effects of acceptor on conformation of the donor (HSA). The binding site number n and apparent binding constant KA drugs corresponding thermodynamic parameters, the free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S) were calculated. The hydrophobic effect, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. More investigation also revealed that these drugs bind to the amino acids on the hydrophobic pocket of HSA and induce changes to the secondary structure of the HSA. In this study for better understanding of HSA-drug interactions, we categorized drugs into ten groups from years 2006 to 2012 and are suggested that two important parameters such as ΔG0H20 and [D] 1/2 can be calculated for each groups and refer to ten categories to finally indicate that fine structural change in human serum albumin

Study of apoptosis inducing activity of calprotectin on fibroblast cell

One of the prominent types of connective tissue cells is fibroblast that synthesizes and maintains the extracellular matrix of many animal tissues. Previous studies illustrated that calprotectin protein has different cytotoxicity effects on fibroblast cells. Calprotectin is abundant in the neutrophil cytosol; it has growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities against various cell types such as tumor cells. The present study tries to introduce mechanism of growth inhibitory effect of calprotectin on human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFFF) and compare to etoposide (chemotherapy agent as control). Calprotectin was purified from human neutrophil by chromatography methods. HFFF cell lines were used, maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS in a humidified incubator (37 ºC & 5% CO2). The HFFF cells were exposed to the different concentrations of calprotectin and etoposide for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed by using dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic mechanism of calprotectin on HFFF cells. Our results revealed that calprotectin and etoposide induce growth inhibition of HFFF in dose- and time-dependent manners. Sensitivity of HFFF cells to cytotoxic effect of human calprotectin was highly remarkable. In addition, growth inhibitory effect of this cytotoxic agent mostly was governed through induction of apoptosis in the HFFF cells. Taken together, calprotectin not only has more potent anticancer activity in comparison with the etoposide, but it also is an apoptosis inducer that acts on the proliferation of normal cells like fibroblasts

Effects of 3 Hz and 60 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Anxiety-Like Behaviors, Memory Retention of Passive Avoidance and Electrophysiological Properties of Male Rats

Introduction: The effects of electromagnetic fields on biological organisms have been a controversial and also interesting debate over the past few decades, despite the wide range of investigations, many aspects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF/EMFs) effects including mechanism of their interaction with live organisms and also their possible biological applications still remain ambiguous. In the present study, we investigated whether the exposures of ELF/EMF with frequencies of 3 Hz and 60 Hz can affect the memory, anxiety like behaviors, electrophysiological properties and brain’s proteome in rats. Methods: Male rats were exposed to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMFs in a protocol consisting of 2 cycles of 2 h/day exposure for 4 days separated with a 2-day interval. Short term memory and anxiety like behaviors were assessed immediately, 1 and 2 weeks after the exposures. Effects of short term exposure were also assessed using electrophysiological approach immediately after 2 hours exposure. Results: Behavioral test revealed that immediately after the end of exposures, locomotor activity of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposed groups significantly decreased compared to sham group. This exposure protocol had no effect on anxiety like behavior during the 2 weeks after the treatment and also on short term memory. A significant reduction in firing rate of locus coeruleus (LC) was found after 2 hours of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposures. Proteome analysis also revealed global changes in whole brain proteome after treatment.Conclusion: Here, some evidence regarding the fact that such exposures can alter locomotor activity and neurons firing rate in male rats were presented

Perineal Mass in One-Year-Old Boy: Rare Presentation of Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a rare benign tumor that’s mainly detected in the upper trunk. In this study authors report a 1-year-old case of perianal fibrous hamartoma which was successfully managed without need to orchidectomy or urethral manipulation