Novel H1N1 influenza in neonates: from mild to fatal disease

Analysis of pediatric deaths associated with pandemic A H1N1 influenza shows that fatal outcome is more likely in young children, under the age of 5. Neonates, because of the immaturity of their immune system, could represent a high-risk group for severe disease and fatal outcome. We present a group of five neonates with confirmed novel influenza A H1N1 infection. This report indicates that the full spectrum of influenza A H1N1 infection ranging from mild febrile illness with spontaneous recovery to severe disease with fatal outcome may be expected even in neonates. Journal of Perinatology (2011) 31, 446-448; doi:10.1038/jp.2010.19

A Multistage Stochastic Programming Approach to the Dynamic and Stochastic VRPTW - Extended version

We consider a dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic customers (DS-VRPTW), such that customers may request for services as vehicles have already started their tours. To solve this problem, the goal is to provide a decision rule for choosing, at each time step, the next action to perform in light of known requests and probabilistic knowledge on requests likelihood. We introduce a new decision rule, called Global Stochastic Assessment (GSA) rule for the DS-VRPTW, and we compare it with existing decision rules, such as MSA. In particular, we show that GSA fully integrates nonanticipativity constraints so that it leads to better decisions in our stochastic context. We describe a new heuristic approach for efficiently approximating our GSA rule. We introduce a new waiting strategy. Experiments on dynamic and stochastic benchmarks, which include instances of different degrees of dynamism, show that not only our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art methods, but also enables to compute meaningful offline solutions to fully dynamic problems where absolutely no a priori customer request is provided.Comment: Extended version of the same-name study submitted for publication in conference CPAIOR201

Lactobacillus helveticus lafti l10 supplementation modulates mucosal and humoral immunity in elite athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

To test the influence of probiotic supplementation on humoral immune response, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Thirty athletes (24 males and 6 females, females: (V)over dotO(2)max 38.2 +/- 4.9 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), age 23.2 +/- 1.4 years; males: (V)over dotO(2)max 57.5 +/- 9.2 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), age 24.0 +/- 2.4 years, mean +/- SD) were randomized either to the probiotic group (Lactobacillus helveticus Lafti L10, 2 x 10(10) colony-forming units) or to the placebo group. Serum and saliva samples were collected at the baseline and after 14 weeks. Total and specific antibacterial antibody levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes were determined for different bacteria in the serum, and in saliva, total and specific antibacterial IgA levels were examined. Total IgM was elevated in both probiotic (18%, 15-20%; mean, 90% confidence interval; p = 0.02) and placebo group (35%, 22-47%; p = 0.02), without observed differences in changes between the groups. No significant changes in IgM levels specific for tested bacteria were found. Total IgG level was constant in both groups. A significant (16%, 22.8 to 35%, p = 0.04) reduction of anti-Enterococcus faecalis IgG was noted in the placebo group, in comparison with the probiotic group. There was a substantial decrease in total IgA level in the placebo group, when measured either in serum (15%, 12-18%, p = 0.04) or in saliva (35%, -1.4 to 53%, p = 0.03). Significantly reduced levels of serum anti-lactic acid bacteria IgA antibodies in the placebo group compared with the probiotic group were detected for Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 (24%, 5.8-42%, p = 0.02) and for L. rhamnosus LB64 (15%, 2.7-27%, p = 0.02). Probiotic administration could have beneficial effects on systemic humoral and mucosal immune responses

COENUROSIS OF SHEEP IN SERBIA - CASE REPORT

Coenurosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval forms of Taenia multiceps which are great host's animals from the family of canids. The disease is global distribution but is most present in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Africa and Australia. Larvae exhibit tropism toward brain tissue, and cysts are usually located in the left hemisphere of the brain of small ruminants. Involvement of the brain can cause increased intracranial pressure, seizures, loss of consciousness, and focal neurologic deficits. During 2022 we examinee one flocks of 78 milking sheep reared on hilly pastures located below the Zmajevac hill (397 m), between the branches of the Osimćki mountains and the river Zapadna Morava, at an altitude of 178 m. Symptoms of ataxia, such as unsteady gait and stumbling, and depression were observed in 12 animals. In 5 sheep, continuous aimless or circular movement, wandering, was also manifested. In addition to these symptoms, in one sheep that died, visual disturbances were observed depression and unilateral blindness. All affected sheep were slaughtered and a pathoanatomical examination was performed. In the brain of all animals we revealed the presence of infestation with one to four coenuri 4.1-5.5 cm in size. The sites of predilection were the left hemisphere (48%), followed by the right hemisphere (40%) and the cerebellum (12%). The coenurus has a thin wall surrounding a single cavity that contains a clear fluid. When the cysts were opened, numerous scoleces were found inside, from 2 to 3 mm in diameter attached to the cyst wall. Each scolex has four circular suckers and two rows of hooks on a rostellum. The hook lengths are 147 to 165 µm and 87 to 125 µm.The results show that C. cerebralis was a major cause of the nervous manifestations of coenurosis in clinically affected sheep

Coenurosis of sheep in Serbia - case report

Coenurosisa is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval forms of Taenia multiceps which are great host's animals from the family of canids. The disease is global distribution but is most present in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Africa and Australia. Larvae exhibit tropism toward brain tissue, and cysts are usually located in the left hemisphere of the brain of small ruminants. Involvement of the brain can cause increased intracranial pressure, seizures, loss of consciousness, and focal neurologic deficits. During 2022 we examinee one flocks of 78 milking sheep reared on hilly pastures located below the Zmajevac hill (397 m), between the branches of the Osimćki mountains and the river Zapadna Morava, at an altitude of 178 m. Symptoms of ataxia, such as unsteady gait and stumbling, and depression were observed in 12 animals. In 5 sheep, continuous aimless or circular movement, wandering, was also manifested. In addition to these symptoms, in one sheep that died, visual disturbances were observed depression and unilateral blindness. All affected sheep were slaughtered and a pathoanatomical examination was performed. In the brain of all animals we revealed the presence of infestation with one to four coenuri 4.1-5.5 cm in size. The sites of predilection were the left hemisphere (48%), followed by the right hemisphere (40%) and the cerebellum (12%). The coenurus has a thin wall surrounding a single cavity that contains a clear fluid. When the cysts were opened, numerous scoleces were found inside, from 2 to 3 mm in diameter attached to the cyst wall. Each scolex has four circular suckers and two rows of hooks on a rostellum. The hook lengths are 147 to 165 µm and 87 to 125 µm.The results show that C. cerebralis was a major cause of the nervous manifestations of cenurosis in clinically affected sheep.Proceeding

Gastrointestinal helminths of small ruminants in Serbia

During study of gastrointestinal helminths of small ruminants in Serbia, performed from 2010 to 2020 we collected fecal samples from 470 herds in various part of Serbia. Samples were colected at monthly intervals and we examined more than 6500 faecal samples. Examination was performed using standard coprological technique. During ten years 738 sheep and goats we were examined by post-mortem examination. Determination of adult parasites and eggs of parasites were done by morphological characteristic. During these investigations, the following GI helminths were found in sheep:: Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta, Ostertagia trifurcata, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia occidentalis, Marshallagia marshalli, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Nematodirus filicoliis, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus abnormalis, Cooperia curticei, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia zurnabada, Skrjabinema ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Chabertia ovina. In goats, the presence has been establishedOstertagia circumcincta, O. ostertagi, Ostertagia occidentalis, Trichostrongylus axei, T. Colubriformis, T. capricola, Nematodirus spathiger, N. filicollis, Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Skrjabinema ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum i Cooperia curticei. The intensity of infection and polyparasitsm was monitored in relation to the age of sheep and goats. It was found that in younger animals intensity of infection was lower than that of older animals. The dynamics of the first appearance of established gastrointestinal strongylid species in both populations of small ruminants was as follows: in March in sheep faeces we have occurred eggs of Ostertagia sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Nematodirus sp.. In May, were observed infection withBunostomum sp. and Chabertia spp. (ovina);. During June we had first record of Skrjabinema sp.. In Modern Trends in Agricultural Production, Rural Development, Agro-economy, Cooperatives and Environmental ProtectionJuly were established eggs of Haemonchus sp. (contortus) and Cooperia sp. finally, in October and Novembar, before withdrawing sheep from the pasture, we showed the presence of Marshallagia sp

Monieziais of ruminant in Serbia – preliminary observations

Monieziais is a global parasite disease of ruminants. It is caused by Moniezia expans and Moniezia benedini. As all tapeworms, Moniezia spp has an indirect life cycle with ruminants as final hosts, and oribatid mites (also called "moss mites" and "beetle mites") as intermediate hosts. The oribatid mites ingest the eggs, which hatch in their gut and develop to cysticercoids in the body cavity of the mites. They are infective for the final hosts. These thugs inhabit the small intestine of the host and clinical presentation is most common in young animals. There are disorders of profuse diarrhea, intestinal convulsions and obstruction, bloated abdomen, cachexia and death. Research on the prevalence of monieziais in ruminants has not been done in Serbia for more than fifty years. In our work, we presented the results of a preliminary examination of the prevalence of monieziais in certain regions of Serbia in large and small ruminants in the last ten years. Moniezia benedeni is a common tapeworm of cattle in Serbia and depending on the region, the prevalence is 3 to 5%. Moniezia expansa is more frequent in sheep and goats and occured in 11 to 23% of examined animals. Diagnosis is based on fecal examination for the presence of gravid segments (proglottids) or of eggs with a characteristic morphology. In the treatment of the disease, the most commonly used preparations are bezamidazole, niclosamide, and combination of praziquantel and levamisole

Importance and representation of moral education in the program contents of preschool institutions: Teachers' attitudes

The main goal of the research is reflected in the analysis of teachers' views on the importance and representation of moral education in the contents of the work plan and program of preschool institutions, in relation to gender, years of service and years the age of the teacher. The research sample consisted of 87 teachers from two preschool institutions from Novi Pazar. Among the instruments used was the scale of educators' attitudes about moral education, formed for the purposes of this research. The results were analyzed using statistical tests t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance), with the help of the SPSS program. Based on the obtained results, the views on the representation of moral education in the content of the work plan and program proved to be statistically significant in relation to gender, where female educators had more positive attitudes about the representation of the content of the work plan and program in comparison to male educators, as well as with the variable length of service, where educators with less work experience had more negative views about the prevalence of moral education in the content of the work plan and program in compared to teachers with longer working experience. The obtained results indicate a different interpretation of the contents of the plan and program among educators, and we believe that the educational style of the educators could have influenced the views expressed by the educators