9-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobut­yl)adenine

The title compound, C11H15N5O, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, both of which contain essentially planar imidazole and pyrimidine rings [maximum deviations = 0.002 (2) and 0.026 (2) Å, respectively, for the first mol­ecule, and 0.001 (2) and 0.025 (2) Å for the second]; the dihedral angles between the rings are 2.1 (2) and 1.7 (2)° in the two mol­ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, defining chains along a, which are further linked by weak inter­molecular π–π contacts [centroid centroid distance = 3.7989 (16) Å] into planes parallel to (01)

Polyclonal antibody against the DPV UL46M protein can be a diagnostic candidate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The duck plague virus (DPV) UL46 protein (VP11/12) is a 739-amino acid tegument protein encoded by the <it>UL46 </it>gene. We analyzed the amino acid sequence of UL46 using bioinformatics tools and defined the main antigenic domains to be between nucleotides 700-2,220 in the <it>UL46 </it>sequence. This region was designated UL46M. The DPV <it>UL46 </it>and <it>UL46M </it>genes were both expressed in <it>Escherichia coli </it>Rosetta (DE3) induced by isopropy1-β-<smcaps>D</smcaps>-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subcloning into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+). The recombinant proteins were purified using a Ni-NTA spin column and used to generate the polyclonal antibody against UL46 and UL46M in New Zealand white rabbits. The titer was then tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar diffusion reaction, and the specificity was tested by western blot analysis. Subsequently, we established Dot-ELISA using the polyclonal antibody and applied it to DPV detection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In our study, the DPV UL46M fusion protein, with a relative molecular mass of 79 kDa, was expressed in <it>E. coli </it>Rosetta (DE3). Expression of the full <it>UL46 </it>gene failed, which was consistent with the results from the bioinformatic analysis. The expressed product was directly purified using Ni-NTA spin column to prepare the polyclonal antibody against UL46M. The titer of the anti-UL46M antisera was over 1:819,200 as determined by ELISA and 1:8 by agar diffusion reaction. Dot-ELISA was used to detect DPV using a 1:60 dilution of anti-UL46M IgG and a 1:5,000 dilution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The anti-UL46M polyclonal antibody reported here specifically identifies DPV, and therefore, it is a promising diagnostic tool for DPV detection in animals. UL46M and the anti-UL46M antibody can be used for further clinical examination and research of DPV.</p

quantitatively managing defects for iterative projects: an industrial experience report in china

Int Software Proc Asso c, Inst Software, Chinese Acad Sci, ISCAS Lab Internet Software TechnolIterative development methodology has been widely adopted in recent years since it is flexible and capable of dealing with requirement volatility. However, how to quantitatively manage iterative projects, and in particular, how to quantitativ

an empirical study on establishing quantitative management model for testing process

Frequently, effort of defect detecting and fixing are counted into software testing activities/phase. Current leading software estimation methods, such as COCOMO II, mainly estimate the effort depending on the size of software product and all