Copper Nitrate Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: A Direct Approach to α‑Chloro-β-nitroolefins

An efficient copper nitrate mediated chloronitration reaction was developed for the direct synthesis of α-chloro-β-nitroolefins with high regio- and stereoselectivity from simple alkynes and low toxic stannous chloride. This protocol provides a direct access to polysubstituted alkenes with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope. Various applications of given products allowed the straightforward assembly of molecular complexity and indicated them as promising and valuable building blocks in organic synthesis

Copper Nitrate Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: A Direct Approach to α‑Chloro-β-nitroolefins

An efficient copper nitrate mediated chloronitration reaction was developed for the direct synthesis of α-chloro-β-nitroolefins with high regio- and stereoselectivity from simple alkynes and low toxic stannous chloride. This protocol provides a direct access to polysubstituted alkenes with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope. Various applications of given products allowed the straightforward assembly of molecular complexity and indicated them as promising and valuable building blocks in organic synthesis

Copper Nitrate Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: A Direct Approach to α‑Chloro-β-nitroolefins

An efficient copper nitrate mediated chloronitration reaction was developed for the direct synthesis of α-chloro-β-nitroolefins with high regio- and stereoselectivity from simple alkynes and low toxic stannous chloride. This protocol provides a direct access to polysubstituted alkenes with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope. Various applications of given products allowed the straightforward assembly of molecular complexity and indicated them as promising and valuable building blocks in organic synthesis

Copper Nitrate Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes: A Direct Approach to α‑Chloro-β-nitroolefins

An efficient copper nitrate mediated chloronitration reaction was developed for the direct synthesis of α-chloro-β-nitroolefins with high regio- and stereoselectivity from simple alkynes and low toxic stannous chloride. This protocol provides a direct access to polysubstituted alkenes with operational simplicity, good functional group tolerance, and a wide substrate scope. Various applications of given products allowed the straightforward assembly of molecular complexity and indicated them as promising and valuable building blocks in organic synthesis

The frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in peripheral blood.

<p>Peripheral blood samples were obtained at the indicated time points post immunization, and the frequency of peripheral blood CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in different groups of Pekin ducks were characterized by flow cytometry analysis. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of the percentage of T cells in each group of Pekin ducks (n = 10 per group) from three separate experiments. A: The percentage of peripheral blood CD8⁺ T cells. B: The percentage of peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells. * p<0.01 vs. the controls or unmarked groups at the same time point.</p

The titers of neutralization antibodies before challenge.

<p>Data are expressed as mean titers of two combined sera in the same group from three separate experiments.</p>a<p>p<0.05 vs. the sera from the ducks receiving monovalent vaccine.</p

Vaccination with plasmids for the gB and gD protects against DEV infection in Pekin ducks.

<p>Groups of Pekin ducks were injected with PBS or control plasmid of pcDNA3.1 or vaccinated with monovalent or bivalent vaccines of gB and gD, respectively. The Pekin ducks were boosted with the same vaccine on day 14 post primary vaccination. Two weeks after the second vaccination, individual Pekin ducks were challenged with virulent DEV, and the survival of the different groups of Pekin ducks was recorded. Data shown are the mean time for the survival of each group of Pekin ducks (n = 10, per group).</p

The levels of DEV-specific IgG responses.

<p>Blood samples were obtained from individual Pekin ducks at the indicated time points post immunization, and the levels of serum IgG antibodies against DEV were determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of the levels of IgG in each group of Pekin ducks (n = 10, per group) from three separate experiments. * p<0.01 vs. the controls, ** p<0.05 vs. the groups marked *.</p

Characterization of gB and gD expression in DF1 cells.

<p>DF1 cells were transfected with plasmid of pcDNA3.1-gB or pcDNA3.1-gD for 72 h, and the expression of gB and gD was characterized by immunofluorescent assays using specific antibodies. Data shown are representative images of each group of cells from two separate experiments. A, B: DF1 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-gB or pcDNA3.1(+) and stained with mouse-anti-gB and FITC-goat-mouse IgG; C, D: DF1 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-gD or pcDNA3.1(+) and stained with rabbit-anti-gD IgG and FITC-goat-rabbit.</p

MOESM10 of Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48Â hours post-infection through RNA-seq

Additional file 10. GO annotation information of genes in the livers of ducklings at 48 hpi