Quench Dynamics of Topological Maximally-Entangled States

We investigate the quench dynamics of the one-particle entanglement spectra (OPES) for systems with topologically nontrivial phases. By using dimerized chains as an example, it is demonstrated that the evolution of OPES for the quenched bi-partite systems is governed by an effective Hamiltonian which is characterized by a pseudo spin in a time-dependent pseudo magnetic field $\vec{S}(k,t)$. The existence and evolution of the topological maximally-entangled edge states are determined by the winding number of $\vec{S}(k,t)$ in the $k$-space. In particular, the maximally-entangled edge states survive only if nontrivial Berry phases are induced by the winding of $\vec{S}(k,t)$. In the infinite time limit the equilibrium OPES can be determined by an effective time-independent pseudo magnetic field \vec{S}_{\mb{eff}}(k). Furthermore, when maximally-entangled edge states are unstable, they are destroyed by quasiparticles within a characteristic timescale in proportional to the system size.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Edge State, Entanglement Entropy Spectra and Critical Hopping Coupling of Anisotropic Honeycomb Lattice

For a bipartite honeycomb lattice, we show that the Berry phase depends not only on the shape of the system but also on the hopping couplings. Using the entanglement entropy spectra obtained by diagonalizing the block Green's function matrices, the maximal entangled state with the eigenvalue $\lambda_m=1/2$ of the reduced density matrix is shown to have one-to-one correspondence to the zero energy states of the lattice with open boundaries, which depends on the Berry phase. For the systems with finite bearded edges along $x$-direction we find critical hopping couplings: the maximal entangled states (zero-energy states) appear pair by pair if one increases the hopping coupling $h$ over the critical couplings $h_c$s.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Effects of ranibizumab on human corneal endothelial cells

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to evaluate corneal endothelial changes occurring over a 3-month period after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration.MethodsThis is a prospective case series. A total of 29 patients (29 eyes) received a 0.5-mg intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Specular microscopy, including measurement of central corneal thickness and endothelial cell count, was performed on each patient prior to and after completing three intravitreal injections.ResultsAll patients received three intravitreal injections and were followed up for a mean of 3 months. There was no significant change in corneal thickness (p = 0.32) or endothelial cell density (p = 0.38) after ranibizumab injections.ConclusionIntravitreal ranibizumab injections (0.5 mg) have no harmful effects on corneal endothelial cells

Dynamic neural networks for real-time water level predictions of sewerage systems-covering gauged and ungauged sites

[[abstract]]In this research, we propose recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to build a relationship between rainfalls and water level patterns of an urban sewerage system based on historical torrential rain/storm events. The RNN allows signals to propagate in both forward and backward directions, which offers the network dynamic memories. Besides, the information at the current time-step with a feedback operation can yield a time-delay unit that provides internal input information at the next time-step to effectively deal with time-varying systems. The RNN is implemented at both gauged and ungauged sites for 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-min-ahead water level predictions. The results show that the RNN is capable of learning the nonlinear sewerage system and producing satisfactory predictions at the gauged sites. Concerning the ungauged sites, there are no historical data of water level to support prediction. In order to overcome such problem, a set of synthetic data, generated from a storm water management model (SWMM) under cautious verification process of applicability based on the data from nearby gauging stations, are introduced as the learning target to the training procedure of the RNN and moreover evaluating the performance of the RNN at the ungauged sites. The results demonstrate that the potential role of the SWMM coupled with nearby rainfall and water level information can be of great use in enhancing the capability of the RNN at the ungauged sites. Hence we can conclude that the RNN is an effective and suitable model for successfully predicting the water levels at both gauged and ungauged sites in urban sewerage systems.[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]紙

Metabolic classification of microbial genomes using functional probes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microorganisms able to grow under artificial culture conditions comprise only a small proportion of the biosphere's total microbial community. Until recently, scientists have been unable to perform thorough analyses of difficult-to-culture microorganisms due to limitations in sequencing technology. As modern techniques have dramatically increased sequencing rates and rapidly expanded the number of sequenced genomes, in addition to traditional taxonomic classifications which focus on the evolutionary relationships of organisms, classifications of the genomes based on alternative points of view may help advance our understanding of the delicate relationships of organisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have developed a proteome-based method for classifying microbial species. This classification method uses a set of probes comprising short, highly conserved amino acid sequences. For each genome, <it>in silico </it>translation is performed to obtained its proteome, based on which a probe-set frequency pattern is generated. Then, the probe-set frequency patterns are used to cluster the proteomes/genomes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Features of the proposed method include a high running speed in challenge of a large number of genomes, and high applicability for classifying organisms with incomplete genome sequences. Moreover, the probe-set clustering method is sensitive to the metabolic phenotypic similarities/differences among species and is thus supposed potential for the classification or differentiation of closely-related organisms.</p

Reading behavior and the effect of embedded selfies in role-playing picture e-books: An eye-tracking investigation

Digital and interactive media platforms, such as e-books, are becoming important tools in reading and education. In particular, picture e-books can embed multimedia effects such as sound, animation or personalized images, with potential benefits for learning and engagement. However, little is known about how such e-books are read, and most designs remain untested. In this study, an innovative type of role-playing picture e-book entitled “The Prank in the Forest” was designed which provides three different role-playing approaches: emotive selfies that allow the reader to appear as one of the main characters and were varied according to the story development, a fixed selfie that was the same on each page, or no selfie. Sixty-five students were randomly assigned to the emotive selfie, fixed selfie, and no selfie groups. To understand students’ online reading processes, their eye movements were tracked. The results showed that the emotive selfies attracted attention to the main character and also promoted scanning between text and pictures, indicating a better integration of the written and pictorial information. The selfie design led to distinct scanpaths, and this was particularly true when emotive selfies were embedded which responded to the context. Self-report questionnaires of reading motivation and engagement demonstrated that this condition was also the most engaging design for readers. We conclude that emotive selfies can boost reading engagement since they encourage the reader to observe the development of the story from the role he/she chose to play, and we discuss how embodying the reader within the graphics can enhance role-play activities with the potential for improved educational outcomes. We suggest this emotive selfie role-playing design could be applied in e-book user interfaces to create more interaction and personal meaning for the readers