Left: The Urograffin enema demonstrating early contrast filling of the stomach and jejunum

, stomach; , jejunum; , transverse colon. Right: The barium meal shows the jejunum and colon simultaneously.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gastrojejunocolic fistula after gastrojejunostomy: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2/1/193</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2008;2():193-193.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424061.</p><p></p

Colonoscopic findings reveal two fistulae () at the distal transverse colon

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Gastrojejunocolic fistula after gastrojejunostomy: a case series"</p><p>http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/2/1/193</p><p>Journal of Medical Case Reports 2008;2():193-193.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2424061.</p><p></p

Macrophage Infiltration Induces Gastric Cancer Invasiveness by Activating the β-Catenin Pathway - Fig 4

<p>(A) Migration activity of THP-1 monocyte co-cultured with different gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, N87, MKN-45 and TSGH). THP-1 monocyte will be recruited by different gastric cancer cell lines and the recruiting ability is dependent on the degree of malignancy. (B) Invasion ability of GC cells treated by macrophage CM. Four different types of GC cells (AGS, MKN45, N87 and TSGH) were seeded in a Boyden chamber and co-cultured with or without macrophage cells or macrophage CM for 24 hours. Invasion abilities of each cell line were measured <i>in vitro</i> for 24 hours. All data represent the arithmetic mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. (C) Effect of macrophage CM co-cultured with cells. N87 and AGS cells were co-cultured with macrophage CM respectively for 24 hours and cell viability was determined by MTT assay.</p

Immunohistochemistry analysis.

<p>Immunostaining against CD68 was performed on tissue slides from gastric cancer patients. CD68+ macrophage staining was sparse in the normal gastric mucosa (A). CD68+ cells were detected in both the stroma and tumor nest (B & C). The density of CD68+ macrophages in pathological tumor staging (pT) 1 (D) and pT4 (E) tumor lesions.</p

Effect of macrophage CM on β-catenin pathway.

<p>(A) β-catenin accumulates in nucleus after treatment with macrophage CM for 30 minutes in N87 cells. (B) Immunofiuorescent images were observed with a confocal microscope. β-catenin positive cells were analyzed by using an anti-β-catenin antibody, which is recognized by secondary rabbit antibody conjugated with FITC, depicted by green fluorescence; Nuclear staining was detected by counterstaining cells with 4', 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), represented as blue fluorescence. Co-culturing with macrophage CM, immunofiuorescence staining showed β-catenin-FITC complexes translocated into nucleus. (C) Invasion ability of GC cells treated by macrophage CM.</p

Immunohistochemistry analysis.

<p>β-catenin was highly expressed in tumors. (A) In most cases, β-catenin expression was primarily located in the cytoplasm. However, (B) strong nuclear staining of β-catenin in GC cells was positively associated with CD68+ macrophages in the tumor lesions.</p

Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves for gastric cancer patients as TAM density (Low: TAM<671, blue line; High: TAM>671, brown line; <i>p</i> = 0.0073).

<p>Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves for gastric cancer patients as TAM density (Low: TAM<671, blue line; High: TAM>671, brown line; <i>p</i> = 0.0073).</p

Macrophage Infiltration Induces Gastric Cancer Invasiveness by Activating the β-Catenin Pathway - Fig 6

<p>(A) Effect of macrophage CM on mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin down-stream genes. N87 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of macrophage CM. For RNA and protein level, cells were collected after 6 hours and 24 hour treatment respectively. (B) N87 cells with or without knock-down of β-catenin utilizing shRNA-2 were co-treated in the presence or absence of macrophage CM. N87 cells were collected after 24 hours treatment and analyzed with western blot. (C) Effect of MMP7 neutralized antibody on GC cells invasion. N87 cells in the presence of macrophage CM for 24 hours were pre-treated with various doses MMP7 neutralized antibody (0, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5μg/ml) for 1 hour Isotype IgG was used as a blocking control. (D) Effect of CD44 neutralized antibody on GC cell invasion. N87 cells in the presence of macrophage CM for 24 hours were pre-treated with various doses CD44 neutralized antibody (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml) for 1 hour. Isotype IgG was used as a blocking control. All data represent the arithmetic mean ± SEM. * <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p

Influence of H. pylori status on overall survival and relapse free survival.

<p>Overall survival (a), relapse free survival (b).</p

Influence of H. pylori status on overall survival according to AJCC 7th stages.

<p>stage II/III (a), stage II/IIIa/IIIb (b), stage II/IIIa(c).</p