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Supplementary Material for: Chromosome Nomenclature and Cytological Characterization of Sacred Lotus
<p>Sacred lotus is a basal eudicot plant that has been cultivated in
Asia for over 7,000 years for its agricultural, ornamental, religious,
and medicinal importance. A notable characteristic of lotus is the seed
longevity. Extensive endeavors have been devoted to dissect its genome
assembly, including the variety China Antique, which germinated from a
1,300-year-old seed. Here, cytogenetic markers representing the 10
largest megascaffolds, which constitute approximately 70% of the lotus
genome assembly, were developed. These 10 megascaffolds were then
anchored to the corresponding lotus chromosomes by fluorescence in situ
hybridization using these cytogenetic markers, and a set of
chromosome-specific cytogenetic markers that could unambiguously
identify each of the 8 chromosomes was generated. Karyotyping was
conducted, and a nomenclature based on chromosomal length was
established for the 8 chromosomes of China Antique. Comparative
karyotyping revealed relatively conserved chromosomal structures between
China Antique and 3 modern cultivars. Interestingly, significant
variations in the copy number of 45S rDNA were detected between China
Antique and modern cultivars. Our results provide a comprehensive view
on the chromosomal structure of sacred lotus and will facilitate further
studies and the genome assembly of lotus.</p