Examination of Several physiochemical characteristics of underground water collected from various wells situated south Baghdad-IRAQ

Underground water is subjected to contamination due to the wastewater of different agricultural and industrial activities .This work was designed to examine several physiochemical variables of well water situated in southern land of Baghdad that already used in such activities. Water samples were collected from different wells in January and July 2014. It has found that mean pH value were varying from 7.1 ± 0.4 to 7.5 ± 0.7 and these values for EC were  1.24±0.09 to 2.5±0.19 while mean values of turbidity were ranged from 0.01±0.0 to 7.01±1.54 . Mean values of each of BOD, COD and DO have been found to range from 7.0±2.44 to 13.24, 13.3±3.33 to 68.0±11.7 and 3.1±2.6 to 7.5±3.22 respectively. However, water samples had mean value of PO4 within a range of 0.30±0.01 to 0.66±0.12 and the mean of SO4 was placed between 93±24.69 to 371±35.27. For each of Cl, Ca and Mg ions had given mean values in a range of 0.01±0.0 to 1.9±0.36, 70.0±21.51 to 98.0±28.72, and 80.1±13.51 to 100.5±25.62 respectively. It seems clearly that there was no significant (<0.05) differences between the collecting periods for all examined variables except for water EC where mean values were significantly (P?0.05) higher in July than that of January. However, similar insignificant differences were recorded between mean values of   tested underground water samples in terms of all physiochemical variables. The mean values of certain examined variables were well above than those of fresh water of both rivers and lakes such as EC, BOD and Mg ions while the mean values of pH and DO were found to be within the range of similar variables, but the remaining variables were much lower than those reported for raw water. Furthermore, turbidity in water sample of well 5 was extremely higher in July than those of the remaining wells either in January and July. Key words: Water contamination, underground water, physiochemical variables, fresh water, water standards

Publication trends in Organization Studies in Italy: a discussion about higher education policies and rankings

Knowledge production, or science results, are the outcome of several factors, such as research policies, governance, infrastructure, human resources, and cooperation agreements. This paper focuses on the evolution of a scholarly discipline in the Italian higher education context as seen through the lens of research activity output in terms of publications and citations, as assessed according to the recent reforms. The quantitative analysis is circumscribed to high quality journals, or “Classe A” journals, defined by ANVUR (the Italian Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes) as proxies of research excellence. The analyses of publication trends suggest that the reforms introduced in the Italian university system, which emphasize the significance of publications on impact factor journals, have modified the attitude of scholars. In the period taken into consideration, the evidence collected suggests that the increase in the quantity of research output is unquestionable. As far as the quality of research output is concerned, the debate is still open

Assessing the Integrated Impact of Sustainable Innovation on Organisational Performance: An Empirical Evidence From Manufacturing Firms

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have gained importance and the world is moving on a sustainability trajectory, which requires organisations to balance financial, environmental, and social dimensions of management. Companies are encouraged to adopt sustainable innovations that include resource efficiency, waste reduction, energy use, responsible behavior etc., to overcome environmental issues and incorporate societal aspects. However, the types of innovations that embrace the so-called triple bottom line philosophy have been tenuously investigated in relation to organisational performance of firms. Through an empirical study, this work investigates the relationship between sustainable innovation in its three dimensions and organisational performance, including stakeholder management, human resource management and process measures, in the context of Italian manufacturing companies. The results show that a greater emphasis on sustainable innovations has a positive impact on the organisational performance and competitive advantage of firms, revealing the key role of human capital and portraying important avenues for future research