周囲からみたスクールカースト上位者の特徴 : 社会的勢力に着目して

The purpose of this study was to clarify the social power of students who were ranked highly in the "School Caste" (class status ranking) and the determinants of these students' social power. One hundred and sixty-three university students completed the questionnaire, which asked them to recall high-ranking students within their junior high school class's "School Caste." The questionnaire comprised questions regarding the social power (referent power, attraction power, punishment power, expert power) and external and internal characteristics (appearance, character, communication skill, academic ability, and attitude) of one male and one female high-ranking student. The results of cluster analysis using social power showed the difference by sex of types of high-ranking students within the "School Caste." Regarding male students, there were three types: those with high attraction power scores; high punishment power scores; and high scores for all social power. Regarding female students, there were four types: those with all high scores for social power except punishment; those with average scores for all social power; those with high punishment power; and those with low scores for all social power except attraction. The results also revealed the existence of a "high punishment power group," who had high scores for punishment power and low scores for the other three types of social power, among both high-ranking male and female students. Multiple regression analysis showed the same determinants of social power for male and female students: determinants of expert power were academic ability and character; one determinant of attraction power was communication skill; and one determinant of punishment power was appearance. The results also showed the following difference between male and female students: for high-ranking male students, the determinants of referent power were academic ability and attitude, but as for female students, the determinant was character

Upper airway evaluation of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate using computational fluid dynamics

Introduction: Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) exhibit snoring and mouth breathing. They are also reported to show obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, their upper airway ventilation condition is not clearly understood. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate upper airway ventilation condition in children with UCLP with the use of computational fluid dynamics. Methods: Twenty-one children (12 boys, 9 girls; mean age 9.1 years) with UCLP and 25 children (13 boys, 12 girls; mean age 9.2 years) without UCLP who required orthodontic treatment underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Nasal resistance and upper airway ventilation condition were evaluated with the use of computational fluid dynamics from CBCT data. The groups were compared with the use of Mann-Whitney U tests and Student t tests. Results: Nasal resistance of the UCLP group (0.97 Pa/cm3/s) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.26 Pa/cm3/s; P < 0.001). Maximal pressure of the upper airway (335.02 Pa) was significantly higher in the UCLP group than in the control group (67.57 Pa; P < 0.001). Pharyngeal airway (from choanae to base of epiglottis) pressure in the UCLP group (140.46 Pa) was significantly higher than in the control group (15.92 Pa; P < 0.02). Conclusions: Upper airway obstruction in children with UCLP resulted from both nasal and pharyngeal airway effects

Molecular analysis of the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain in chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in practice: Study by the Nagasaki CML Study Group

An appropriate trigger for BCR-ABL1 mutation analysis has not yet been established in unselected cohorts of chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. We examined 92 patients after 12 months of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Univariate analysis revealed that significant factors associated with not attaining a major molecular response (MMR) were the presence of the minor BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, a low daily dose of TKI, and the emergence of BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations conferring resistance to imatinib. Factors associated with the loss of sustained MMR were a low daily dose of TKI and the emergence of alternatively spliced BCR-ABL1 mRNA with a 35-nucleotide insertion. Taken together, our results suggest that the search for BCR-ABL1 mutations should be initiated if patients have not achieved MMR following 12 months of TKI treatment