Raw data.

(PDF)</p

Demographics of the study population.

Demographics of the study population.</p

The Silmee™ Bar type Lite (TDK, Tokyo, Japan) device.

This biosensor automatically calculates heartbeat intervals, pulse wave intervals, and autonomic nerve activity by measuring and analyzing electrocardiograms, pulse waves, acceleration, and/or skin temperature.</p

Heart rate variability.

Heart rate variability.</p

Randomized Controlled Study to Investigate the Effect of Topical Diquafosol Tetrasodium on Corneal Sensitivity in Short Tear Break-Up Time Dry Eye

<p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>. </b><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0685-1">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0685-1</a></p><p></p> <p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p><br

Relation of accommodative microfluctuation with dry eye symptoms in short tear break-up time dry eye

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To investigate accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) and visual function in short tear break-up time (BUT)-type dry eye (DE) and non-DE subjects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This prospective comparative study included 48 volunteers with DE symptoms (mean age 34.8 ± 5.5 years, age range 25–42 years) and 73 without DE symptoms (mean age 30.6 ± 4.7 years, age range 25–42 years). The eyes were divided into two groups: (1) DE group with DE symptoms and BUT ≤ 5 s and (2) non-DE group without DE symptoms and BUT > 5 s. We excluded eyes with Schirmer score ≤ 5 mm and positive keratoconjunctival epithelial damage. Tear evaluation, AMF, and functional visual acuity (VA) examinations were performed. AMF parameters included total high-frequency component (HFC), HFC with low accommodation for the task of staring into the distance (HFC1), and HFC with high accommodation for deskwork (HFC2). Functional VA parameters included starting VA, functional VA, visual maintenance ratio, and blink frequency.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 33 and 34 eyes were categorized in the DE and non-DE groups, respectively. Mean blink frequency and HFC1 values were significantly higher in the DE group than they were in the non-DE group.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>DEs with symptoms showed abnormal AMF and visual function, which may be associated with DE symptoms.</p></div

Functional visual acuity parameters for each group.

<p>(A) Starting and functional visual acuity, (B) visual maintenance ratio, and (C) blink frequency of study subjects.</p

Mechanism of dry eye symptom stimulation.

<p>Mechanism of dry eye symptom stimulation.</p

Frequency scores of dry eye symptoms for each group.

<p>Frequency scores of dry eye symptoms for each group.</p

The effect of instilling the ophthalmic solution on the LF/HF ratio and typical cases of fluctuations in the LF/HF ratio over time in the DE and non-DE groups.

(A) The LF/HF ratio pre- and post-instillation of ophthalmic solution in the DE and non-DE groups. There are no significant changes in either the DE or non-DE groups (P > 0.05). (B) The standard deviation of the LF/HF ratio pre- and post-instillation of ophthalmic solution in the DE and non-DE groups. The standard deviation of the LF/HF ratio significantly decreased post-instillation in the DE group (P < 0.05), whereas it was low pre-instillation and increased post-instillation in the non-DE group. (C) Typical DE and non-DE cases show fluctuation of the LF/HF ratio over time. The DE case presented is of a 39-year-old woman with a J-OSDI score of 18.8 points. The non-DE case is of a 21-year-old woman with a J-OSDI score of 9.1 points. The fluctuation in the LF/HF ratio of the DE case is larger than of the non-DE case, and it decreases post-instillation. DE, dry eye; HF, high-frequency component; J-OSDI, Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire; LF, low-frequency component.</p