Effects of nucleon resonances on η\eta photoproduction off the neutron reexamined

We investigate $\eta$ photoproduction off the neutron target, i.e., $\gamma n \to \eta n$, employing an effective Lagrangian method combining with a Regge approach. As a background, we consider nucleon exchange in the $s$-channel diagram and $\rho$- and $\omega$-meson Regge trajectories in the $t$ channel. The role of nucleon resonances given in the Review of Particle Data Group in the range of $W \approx 1500 - 2100$ MeV and the narrow nucleon resonance $N(1685,1/2^+)$ is extensively studied. The numerical results of the total and differential cross sections, double polarization observable $E$, and helicity-dependent cross sections $\sigma_{1/2}$, $\sigma_{3/2}$ are found to be in qualitative agreement with the recent A2 experimental data. The predictions of the beam asymmetry are also given.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Development of a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography-compatible phantom for magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy

The purpose of the present study was to develop a hybrid magnetic resonance/computed tomography (MR/CT)-compatible phantom and tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image. Therefore, the essential requirements necessary for the development of a hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom were determined and the development process is described. A total of 12 different tissue-equivalent materials for each MR and CT image were developed from chemical components. The uniformity of each sample was calculated. The developed phantom was designed to use 14 plugs that contained various tissue-equivalent materials. Measurement using the developed phantom was performed using a 3.0-T scanner with 32 channels and a Somatom Sensation 64. The maximum percentage difference of the signal intensity (SI) value on MR images after adding K2CO3 was 3.31%. Additionally, the uniformity of each tissue was evaluated by calculating the percent image uniformity (%PIU) of the MR image, which was 82.18 ±1.87% with 83% acceptance, and the average circular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) on CT images for all samples were within ±5 Hounsfield units (HU). Also, dosimetric evaluation was performed. The percentage differences of each tissue-equivalent sample for average dose ranged from -0.76 to 0.21%. A hybrid MR/CT-compatible phantom for MR and CT was investigated as the first trial in this field of radiation oncology and medical physics

Plasma cell granuloma in cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth: a report of two cases with immunohistochemical positivity of interleukin-6 and phospholipase C-gamma1.

We report two cases of gingival plasma cell granuloma in a 34-yr-old and 40-yr-old two male renal transplant recipients with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Histologically, these lesions were composed of mature plasma cells, showing polyclonality for both lambda and kappa light chains and fibrovascular connective tissue stroma. In addition to the fact that CsA-induced plasma cell granuloma is rare, the salient features of our cases were the secretion of interleukin-6 and overexpression of phospholipase C- gamma 1 of the tumor cells, which may explain the mechanisms of CsA- induced GO

Association of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphisms and HLA Class II Alleles with the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Korean Children and Adolescents

We studied the association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene (CTLA4) polymorphisms with the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Korean children and adolescents. A total of 176 Korean subjects (92 females and 84 males) with childhood-onset T1D were studied. The A/G polymorphism at position 49 in CTLA4 exon 1 and the C/T polymorphism at position -318 in the CTLA4 promoter were analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods. The genotype and allele frequencies of the CTLA4 polymorphisms in the T1D patients were not different from those in the controls. These polymorphisms were not associated with the clinical characteristics or the development of autoimmune thyroid disease in the T1D patients. The frequency of the A allele was significantly higher in the patients that did not have two out of the three susceptible HLA-DRB1 alleles, which were DRB1*0301, *0405 and *09012, compared to the controls (P<0.05). These results suggest that CTLA4 polymorphisms do not directly confer any susceptibility to T1D. However, a CTLA4-mediated susceptibility effect on the development of T1D might be significant in children and adolescents that do not have susceptible HLA class II alleles.Steck AK, 2005, DIABETES, V54, P2482Yu J, 2004, CLIN IMMUNOL, V113, P318, DOI 10.1016/j.clim.2004.08.009Ueda H, 2003, NATURE, V423, P506, DOI 10.1038/nature01621Mochizuki M, 2003, DIABETES CARE, V26, P843Field LL, 2002, DIABETOLOGIA, V45, P21Abe T, 2001, DIABETIC MED, V18, P726Ligers A, 2001, GENES IMMUN, V2, P145Takara M, 2000, DIABETES CARE, V23, P975Park YJ, 2000, THYROID, V10, P453Lee YJ, 2000, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V52, P153Abe T, 1999, DIABETES RES CLIN PR, V46, P169Park MH, 1999, HUM IMMUNOL, V60, P901Yanai K, 1999, CLIN EXP ALLERGY, V29, P29Gonzalez-Escribano MF, 1999, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V53, P296Badenhoop K, 1999, EXP CLIN ENDOCR DIAB, V107, pS89Heward JM, 1998, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V49, P331Donner H, 1998, DIABETES, V47, P1158Djilali-Saiah I, 1998, DIABETES, V47, P125Yanagawa T, 1997, THYROID, V7, P843Marron MP, 1997, HUM MOL GENET, V6, P1275Owerbach D, 1997, DIABETES, V46, P1069Donner H, 1997, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V82, P143Lane P, 1997, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V815, P392Deichmann K, 1996, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V225, P817Nistico L, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P1075Walunas TL, 1996, J EXP MED, V183, P2541WALUNAS TL, 1994, IMMUNITY, V1, P405BANNAI M, 1994, EUR J IMMUNOGENET, V21, P1LUCASSEN AM, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P305EISENBARTH GS, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V314, P1360

Improved blue light-emitting polymeric device by the tuning of drift mobility and charge balance

We have prepared blue polymer-small molecule hybrid electroluminescence devices with improved efficiency and lower driving voltage by the statistical design method. Analysis of time-of-flight measurement shows that amorphous small molecule hole-transporter blended with a blue light-emitting polymer increases the field-dependent hole mobility, with transition from nondispersive to dispersive transport induced by the charge-trapping effect. Moreover, at the electroluminescent devices with different electron injection/transport layer ~LiF/Al, LiF/Ca/Al, and Alq3 /LiF/Al), efficiency was further increased. We have analyzed that carrier mobility of a multilayered device can also be controlled by the change of electron injection and transport layers. We find that structural design and matching overall charge balance is an essential factor to improve both the operating voltage and efficiency of existing blue polymer devices

Distinguishing Six Edible Berries Based on Metabolic Pathway and Bioactivity Correlations by Non-targeted Metabolite Profiling

Berries have been used as valuable sources of polyphenols for human health; however, injudicious uses of berries are widespread without regard to the specific metabolite constituent of each berry. We classified 6 different edible berries (honeyberry, blueberry, mandarin melonberry, mulberry, chokeberry, and Korean black raspberry) based on their metabolite distributions in biosynthetic pathways by non-targeted metabolite profiling and bioactive correlation analysis. Principal component analysis revealed a distinct clustering pattern of metabolites for each berry. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed different biosynthetic routes of secondary metabolites in each berry. Mandarin melonberry contains a relatively higher proportion of genistein, genistein glycoside, and genistein-derived isoflavonoids and prenylflavonoids than the other berries. Various anthocyanin glycosides, synthesized from dihydroquercetin and cyanidin, were more abundant in chokeberry and honeyberry, whereas high levels of flavonoid-and anthocyanins-rutinoside forms were observed in Korean black raspberry. The levels of anthocyanins derived from dihydromyricetin were high in blueberry. The highest anti-oxidant activity was observed in chokeberry and Korean black raspberry, which is positively related to the proportional concentration of flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins. The lowest sugar contents were observed in Korean black raspberry, highest acidity in honeyberry, and lowest acidity in mandarin melonberry, which were specific characteristics among the berries. Taken together, biosynthetic pathway and physicochemical characteristics analyses revealed that the different synthesized routes of flavonoids and anthocyanins and associated bio-activities may be distinct features in each berry and explain their phenotypic diversity at the molecular level