Deriving a CO₂‑Permselective Carbon Membrane from a Multilayered Matrix of Polyion Complexes

A multilayered assembly consisting of polyion complexes was developed over porous ceramic as a unique precursor for a carbon membrane (CM). This specific layer was attained through in situ polymerization of <i>N</i>-methylpyrrole (mPy) over a prime coating layer of poly­(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) with an embedded oxidant on the ceramic surface. Extensive ion-pair complexation between the sulfonic acid groups of PSSA and the tertiary amine groups of the resulting poly­(<i>N</i>-methylpyrrole) (PmPy) sustains this assembly layer. Incorporating cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into the PSSA is critical in facilitating the infiltration of mPy into the PSSA layer and promoting interfacial contact between the two polymers. Upon pyrolysis, the precursor coating was collectively converted into a carbon composite matrix. Such copyrolysis restrains the grain sizes of the carbonized PmPy, thereby halting defects in the resultant carbonaceous matrix. The gas separation performances of the CMs obtained at various graphitization temperatures showed that the least graphitized carbon matrix exhibited the best selectivity of CO₂/CH₄ = 167 with a CO₂ permeability of 7.19 Barrer. This specific feature is attributed to both imine and imide pendant groups that function as selective adsorption sites for CO₂ in the carbon skeleton

Additional file 1 of Drug-resistant profiles of extracellular vesicles predict therapeutic response in TNBC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Supplementary Material

A Novel Approach for Gene Expression Optimization through Native Promoter and 5′ UTR Combinations Based on RNA-seq, Ribo-seq, and TSS-seq of <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>

Streptomycetes are Gram-positive mycelial bacteria, which synthesize a wide range of natural products including over two-thirds of the currently available antibiotics. However, metabolic engineering in <i>Streptomyces</i> species to overproduce a vast of natural products are hampered by a limited number of genetic tools. Here, two promoters and four 5′ UTR sequences showing constant strengths were selected based upon multiomics data sets from <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> M145, including RNA-seq, Ribo-seq, and TSS-seq, for controllable transcription and translation. A total eight sets of promoter/5′ UTR combinations, with minimal interferences of promoters on translation, were constructed using the transcription start site information, and evaluated with the GusA system. Expression of GusA could be controlled to various strengths in three different media, in a range of 0.03- to 2.4-fold, compared to that of the control, ermE*P/Shine-Dalgarno sequence. This method was applied to engineer three previously reported promoters to enhance gene expressions. The expressions of ActII-ORF4 and MetK were also tuned for actinorhodin overproductions in <i>S. coelicolor</i> as examples. In summary, we provide a novel approach and tool for optimizations of gene expressions in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.

<p>IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index.</p><p>Data are summarized as the mean ± standard deviation or % (n).</p><p>*Data are median (IQR). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.</p>†<p>P value, Student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p>‡<p>P value, Fisher’s exact test.</p>¶<p>P value, chi-square test.</p

Maternal and fetal outcomes.

<p>AGA, appropriate for gestational age; GA, gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age.</p><p>Data are summarized as mean ± standard deviation or % (n) values.</p><p>**Data are presented as median (IQR) values. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.</p>†<p>P value, Student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p>‡<p>P value, chi-square test.</p>¶<p>P value, Fisher’s exact test.</p

Odds ratio (OR) for preeclampsia according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis.

<p>Ref., reference; CI, confidence interval.</p