DataSheet_1_Cost-effectiveness of active surveillance versus early surgery for thyroid micropapillary carcinoma based on diagnostic and treatment norms in China.pdf

ObjectivesIn this study, we compared the cost-effectiveness comparison of the active surveillance (AS) and early surgery (ES) approaches for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.MethodsWe performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model of PTMC we developed to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of AS and ES. Our reference case was of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with unifocal (ResultsES exhibited an effectiveness of 5.2 QALYs, whereas AS showed an effectiveness of 25.8 QALYs. Furthermore, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for ES versus AS was ¥1,009/QALY. The findings of all sensitivity analyses were robust. Compared with ES, AS was found to be the cost-effective strategy at initial monitoring ages of 20 and 60 years, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ¥3,431/QALY and −¥1,316/QALY at 20 and 60 years, respectively. AS was a more cost-effective strategy in patients with PTMC aged more than 60.ConclusionsWith respect to the norms of the Chinese healthcare system, AS was more cost-effective for PTMC over lifetime surveillance than ES. Furthermore, it was cost-effective even when the initial monitoring ages were different. In addition, if AS is incorporated into the management plan for PTMC in China at the earliest possible stage, a predicted savings of ¥10 × 108/year could be enabled for every 50,000 cases of PTMC, which indicates a good economic return for future management programs. The identification of such nuances can help physicians and patients determine the best and most individualized long-term management strategy for low-risk PTMC.</p

Monodispersed Ru Nanoparticles Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets as Efficient Cathode Catalysts for O₂‑Assisted Li–CO₂ Battery

In Li–CO₂ battery, due to the highly insulating nature of the discharge product of Li₂CO₃, the battery needs to be charged at a high charge overpotential, leading to severe cathode and electrolyte instability and hence poor battery cycle performance. Developing efficient cathode catalysts to effectively reduce the charge overpotential represents one of key challenges to realize practical Li–CO₂ batteries. Here, we report the use of monodispersed Ru nanoparticles functionalized graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in Li–CO₂ battery to significantly lower the charge overpotential for the electrochemical decomposition of Li₂CO₃. In our battery, a low charge voltage of 4.02 V, a high Coulomb efficiency of 89.2%, and a good cycle stability (67 cycles at a 500 mA h/g limited capacity) are achieved. It is also found that O₂ plays an essential role in the discharge process of the rechargeable Li–CO₂ battery. Under the pure CO₂ environment, Li–CO₂ battery exhibits negligible discharge capacity; however, after introducing 2% O₂ (volume ratio) into CO₂, the O₂-assisted Li–CO₂ battery can deliver a high capacity of 4742 mA h/g. Through an in situ quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectrometry investigation, the final discharge product Li₂CO₃ is proposed to form via the reaction 4Li⁺ + 2CO₂ + O₂ + 4e^– → 2Li₂CO₃. Our results validate the essential role of O₂ and can help deepen the understanding of the discharge and charge reaction mechanisms of the Li–CO₂ battery

Reversible Tuning of Interfacial and Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Individual MnPc Molecules

The reversible selective hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of individual manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) molecules has been investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM), synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements, and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is shown conclusively that interfacial and intramolecular charge transfer arises during the hydrogenation process. The electronic energetics upon hydrogenation is identified, enabling a greater understanding of interfacial and intramolecular charge transportation in the field of single-molecule electronics