Changes in proportions of isolates of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli during the study period.

<p>ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.</p><p>*<i>P</i>-value is for odds ratio (comparison with reference category I or III).</p><p>**<i>P</i>-value is for logistic model.</p

Changes in antibiotic use during the study period.

<p>AUD, antimicrobial use density; the number of defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days.</p><p>*<i>P</i>-values were determined using Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p>a,b,c<p>Same letters indicate statistical insignificance based on multiple comparisons performed using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney tests.</p

Trends of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates (%) and carbapenem use (AUD, defined daily dose per 1,000 patient-days) during the study period.

<p>Trends of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates (%) and carbapenem use (AUD, defined daily dose per 1,000 patient-days) during the study period.</p

Linear-regression models with autoregressive errors used for examining the effects of carbapenem use on the susceptibility of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> to carbapenems.

<p>AR 1, first-order autoregressive errors.</p

Analyses of cost-effectiveness according to vaccination strategy.

<p>Analyses of cost-effectiveness according to vaccination strategy.</p

Input data for the cost-effectiveness model of pneumococcal disease burden.

<p>Input data for the cost-effectiveness model of pneumococcal disease burden.</p

Estimates of PPSV23 and PCV13 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.

<p>Estimates of PPSV23 and PCV13 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.</p

Analyses of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) based on age and risk groups.

<p>Analyses of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) based on age and risk groups.</p

Results of one-way sensitivity analysis: PCV13 versus PPSV23.

<p><b>The base value of PPSV23 effectiveness against NPP was assumed as 0%, and sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the value from 20% to 50%, as presented in the 2x2 table.</b> (PPSV23, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; NPP, non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia).</p

The utility weights by age and risk groups and pneumococcal disease.

<p>The utility weights by age and risk groups and pneumococcal disease.</p