78 research outputs found
Scaling solutions from interacting fluids
We examine the dynamical implications of an interaction between some of the
fluid components of the universe. We consider the combination of three matter
components, one of which is a perfect fluid and the other two are interacting.
The interaction term generalizes the cases found in scalar field cosmologies
with an exponential potential. We find that attracting scaling solutions are
obtained in several regions of parameter space, that oscillating behaviour is
possible, and that new curvature scaling solutions exist. We also discuss the
inflationary behaviour of the solutions and present some of the constraints on
the strength of the coupling, namely those arising from nucleosynthesis.Comment: RevTeX, 21 pages, 8 figure
Inhomogeneous cosmologies, the Copernican principle and the cosmic microwave background: More on the EGS theorem
We discuss inhomogeneous cosmological models which satisfy the Copernican
principle. We construct some inhomogeneous cosmological models starting from
the ansatz that the all the observers in the models view an isotropic cosmic
microwave background. We discuss multi-fluid models, and illustrate how more
general inhomogeneous models may be derived, both in General Relativity and in
scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Thus we illustrate that the cosmological
principle, the assumption that the Universe we live in is spatially
homogeneous, does not necessarily follow from the Copernican principle and the
high isotropy of the cosmic microwave background.Comment: 17 pages; to appear in GR
Dust-filled axially symmetric universes with a cosmological constant
Following the recent recognition of a positive value for the vacuum energy
density and the realization that a simple Kantowski-Sachs model might fit the
classical tests of cosmology, we study the qualitative behavior of three
anisotropic and homogeneous models: Kantowski-Sachs, Bianchi type-I and Bianchi
type-III universes, with dust and a cosmological constant, in order to find out
which are physically permitted. We find that these models undergo
isotropization up to the point that the observations will not be able to
distinguish between them and the standard model, except for the Kantowski-Sachs
model
with smaller than some critical value
. Even if one imposes that the Universe should be nearly
isotropic since the last scattering epoch (), meaning that the
Universe should have approximately the same Hubble parameter in all directions
(considering the COBE 4-Year data), there is still a large range for the matter
density parameter compatible with Kantowsky-Sachs and Bianchi type-III if
, for a very small . The
Bianchi type-I model becomes exactly isotropic owing to our restrictions and we
have in this case. Of course, all these models
approach locally an exponential expanding state provided the cosmological
constant .Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Published in Physical Review D 1
Generating --cosmologies with perfect fluid in dilaton gravity
We present a method for generating exact diagonal -cosmological
solutions in dilaton gravity coupled to a radiation perfect fluid and with a
cosmological potential of a special type. The method is based on the symmetry
group of the system of -field equations. Several new classes of explicit
exact inhomogeneous perfect fluid scalar-tensor cosmologies are presented.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Reabilitação Cardíaca Após Síndrome Coronária Aguda. Deveremos Continuar a Reabilitar os Doentes de Baixo Risco? Experiência de um Centro
Introdução: A Reabilitação cardíaca
(Rc) é um elemento fundamental na prevenção
secundária após síndrome coronária aguda
(ScA). A American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AAcPR)definiu critérios de estratificação de risco para os doentes elegíveis para programas de Rc. Contudo, tem sido questionada a integração de doentes de baixo risco em programas estruturados de treino de exercício.
Objectivo: comparar o impacto da Rc nos
doentes de baixo risco cardiovascular versus
risco moderado/alto, segundo os critérios a
AAcPR, de forma a avaliar o real benefício da
Rc na capacidade de exercício nos doentes de
baixo risco, quantificada por prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória (PecR).
Métodos: Análise retrospetiva dos doentes
submetidos a Rc após ScA e submetidos a
PecR antes e após a integração num programa
de treino de exercício supervisionado constituído por 36 sessões. Foram incluídos doentes desde janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2013, num centro Hospitalar Terciário. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo de risco cardiovascular baixo (GRB) e grupo de doentes com risco moderado a alto (GRMA) de acordo com os critérios da AAcPR. Os parâmetros avaliados na PecR foram: pico de consumo de oxigénio (pVO2), pVO2 em relação ao valor previsto para idade e género
(%pVO2), declive da rampa do equivalente
ventilatório de dióxido de carbono
(Ve/VcO2slope), (Ve/VcO2slope)/pVO2 e
potência circulatória de pico (PcP).
Resultados: Foram incluídos em programa de Rc, pós ScA, 129 doentes, 86,0% do género
masculino, com idade média de 56,3±9,8 anos.
Setenta e nove doentes (61,3%) foram incluídos no grupo de baixo risco e 50 doentes (38,7%) no grupo de risco moderado a alto.Comparando os resultados da PecR basal
verifica-se uma melhor capacidade funcional
nos indivíduos de baixo risco (pVO2 26,7±7,0
versus 23,9±5,7 ml/kg/min; p=0,019). Esta diferença significativa desapareceu após a conclusão do programa de Rc, apresentando o
GRB pVO2 final de 28,5±7,3ml/kg/min e o
GRMA 27,0±7,0ml/kg/min (p=0,232).
Ao confrontar os parâmetros da prova de
esforço cardiorrespiratória prévios e após reabilitação cardíaca, verifica-se, em ambos os grupos, um aumento significativo da capacidade funcional expresso pelo aumento do
pVO2, (Ve/VcO2slope)/pVO2, PcP e duração
da prova. No entanto, apenas no grupo de
baixo risco se evidencia uma diminuição signi-ficativa do Ve/VcO2 slope (26,7±6,2 versus 25,7±5,3; p=0,029).
A amplitude da melhoria de pVO2 foi menos
marcada no GRB (1,8±6,5 ml/kg/min versus
3,1±5,0 ml/kg/min; p=0.133). Um incremento
no pVO2 superior a 10% em relação ao valor inicial foi atingido em 41,8% dos doentes no GRB e 58,0% dos doentes no GRMA (p=0,072).
Conclusão: independentemente do grau de risco cardiovascular inicial, existe benefício
na capacidade funcional de exercício após programa de Rc com 36 sessões de treino de exercício, objetivamente quantificado pelos
parâmetros da PecR. No entanto, esta melhoria
é mais acentuada nos indivíduos de risco moderado a alto comparativamente aos indivíduos de baixo risco. Atendendo à limitação de recursos, deverá ser privilegiada a inclusão de indivíduos de moderado e alto risco, não subvalorizando,
no entanto, o benefício também alcançado pelos indivíduos de baixo risco cardiovascular
Solution generating in scalar-tensor theories with a massless scalar field and stiff perfect fluid as a source
We present a method for generating solutions in some scalar-tensor theories
with a minimally coupled massless scalar field or irrotational stiff perfect
fluid as a source. The method is based on the group of symmetries of the
dilaton-matter sector in the Einstein frame. In the case of Barker's theory the
dilaton-matter sector possesses SU(2) group of symmetries. In the case of
Brans-Dicke and the theory with "conformal coupling", the dilaton- matter
sector has as a group of symmetries. We describe an explicit
algorithm for generating exact scalar-tensor solutions from solutions of
Einstein-minimally-coupled-scalar-field equations by employing the nonlinear
action of the symmetry group of the dilaton-matter sector. In the general case,
when the Einstein frame dilaton-matter sector may not possess nontrivial
symmetries we also present a solution generating technique which allows us to
construct exact scalar-tensor solutions starting with the solutions of
Einstein-minimally-coupled-scalar-field equations. As an illustration of the
general techniques, examples of explicit exact solutions are constructed. In
particular, we construct inhomogeneous cosmological scalar-tensor solutions
whose curvature invariants are everywhere regular in space-time. A
generalization of the method for scalar-tensor-Maxwell gravity is outlined.Comment: 10 pages,Revtex; v2 extended version, new parts added and some parts
rewritten, results presented more concisely, some simple examples of
homogeneous solutions replaced with new regular inhomogeneous solutions,
typos corrected, references and acknowledgements added, accepted for
publication in Phys.Rev.
Qualitative properties of scalar-tensor theories of Gravity
The qualitative properties of spatially homogeneous stiff perfect fluid and
minimally coupled massless scalar field models within general relativity are
discussed. Consequently, by exploiting the formal equivalence under conformal
transformations and field redefinitions of certain classes of theories of
gravity, the asymptotic properties of spatially homogeneous models in a class
of scalar-tensor theories of gravity that includes the Brans-Dicke theory can
be determined. For example, exact solutions are presented, which are analogues
of the general relativistic Jacobs stiff perfect fluid solutions and vacuum
plane wave solutions, which act as past and future attractors in the class of
spatially homogeneous models in Brans-Dicke theory.Comment: 19 page
Scalar fields in an anisotropic closed universe
We study in this article a class of homogeneous, but anisotropic cosmological
models in which shear viscosity is included. Within the matter content we
consider a component (the quintessence component) determined by the barotropic
equations of state, , with . We establish conditions
under which a closed axisymmetrical cosmological model may look flat al low
redshift.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, 2 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.
Modulating Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Illusions of general relativity in Brans-Dicke gravity
Contrary to common belief, the standard tenet of Brans-Dicke theory reducing
to general relativity when omega tends to infinity is false if the trace of the
matter energy-momentum tensor vanishes. The issue is clarified in a new
approach using conformal transformations. The otherwise unaccountable limiting
behavior of Brans-Dicke gravity is easily understood in terms of the conformal
invariance of the theory when the sources of gravity have radiation-like
properties. The rigorous computation of the asymptotic behavior of the
Brans-Dicke scalar field is straightforward in this new approach.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Physical Review
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