Evolving groups

The class of evolving groups is defined and investigated, as well as their connections to examples in the field of Galois cohomology. Evolving groups are proved to be Sylow Tower groups in a rather strong sense. In addition, evolving groups are characterized as semidirect products of two nilpotent groups of coprime orders where the action of one on the other is via automorphisms that map each subgroup to a conjugate.Comment: This paper collects the results from my master thesis, which I wrote at Leiden University under the supervision of Prof. Hendrik Lenstr

What older people tell us about the role of physical activity in the management of depression

Reports on a study which set out to explore the way in which older people admitted to hospital with depression experience exercise groups and the manner in which they engage in physical activity once discharged. Eleven participants aged 69 to 86 years were purposively selected using exercise group attendance records. The findings from this study support the use of exercise groups for older people admitted to hospital with depression. Community based interventions designed to promote physical activity in older people recovering from mental illness are most likely to be effective if they address individually identified functional goals and take into account the social needs of the older service users

Assessment of the impacts under future climate change on the energy systems with the POLES model

This paper presents the way we try to explore the most important impacts of climate change on the energy systems with the POLES model. We present the main features and adaptations of the POLES model with details on the treatment of the electricity demand in the residential and service sector, of the hydro and thermal electricity generation and energy demand for water supply while using climate drivers coming from other models. Comparisons of the results of the Reference projection with and without the taking into account of the effects of climate change on energy systems for the World and for Europe (EU27) up to 2100 are displayed in the paper.POLES MODEL ; CLIMATE CHANGE ; SCENARIO ; ENERGY SYSTEM ; ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

Exploring the Energy Security and Climate Policy Nexus with the POLES Energy Model in the SECURE Project.

The three pillars of EU energy policies, competitiveness through a unified market, sustainability and environmental protection and finally energy security are sometimes presented as conflicting and sometimes as complementary. In this paper, these dimensions of EU policies are explored through a set of scenarios simulated with the POLES model. In order to analyse the impacts of the trade-offs among these three goals on the EU 27 energy sector, five scenarios have been developed.POLES MODEL ; CLIMATE CHANGE ; SCENARIO ; ENERGY POLICY

European gas market : stakes and perspectives

World reserves of natural gas are abundant and expected to increase up to 2050. World gas production is projected to more than double between 2000 and 2050. However, regional disparities in gas reserves and production costs are expected to modify the regional gas supply pattern in 2050: about half of the total gas production will originate from the CIS and the Middle East.Important uncertainties remain on the EU27 gas demand and supply in the long term. For example, on one hand, the enlargement of the EU modifies the landscape. The question of the penetration of the natural gas in the energy balance is for a “new entrant” an important aspect of their energy policy. On the other hand, the liberalisation of the EU gas market may have important consequences on the strategies of gas producers like Russia.ENERGY ; INTERNATIONAL MARKET ; NATURAL GAS

Understanding the older traveller: stop, look and listen!

Getting around would be difficult without roads, rail and pedestrian walkways. Despite what we take for granted, the older traveller is often left feeling frustrated by the current transport infrastructure. Based on their research, Dr Greg Marsden et al explore in this article why this is the case, they look at the barriers that prevent older people getting out and about and the considerations when planning transport for the older traveller

The european energy system in the context of long term climate policies

The future of the European energy system will strongly depend on a future world energy context that will be dominated by two key challenges. The first challenge corresponds to the necessity of meeting the energy needs of a growing population in Asia, South America and Africa, while some key energy resources – oil and natural gas – enter in a process of increasing scarcity. The second challenge results from the need to rapidly adjust the structure of the world energy system in order to meet the tightening constraints induced by the will to limit anthropogenic climate change. Both issues are clearly strategic for Europe as on the one hand the Union will have to master a growing import dependency from the international markets and neighbouring regions, and as on the other hand it intends to take the lead on the international scene for climate change mitigation policies.Analyses of world long term energy scenario show that the growing scarcity on hydrocarbon supply will not solve the climate change problem as it will rather result in increased coal consumption. Conversely seriously addressing the climate change challenge will imply lower fossil fuel consumption, allow an extension of oil and gas reserves and lead to a real double dividend in terms of sustainability: by climate change mitigation and by reduced tensions and risks of crises on the oil and gas markets. Similarly, ambitious GHG abatement scenarios for Europe will allow limiting the Union's import dependency, which is of course one key element of overall security. Thus, addressing the fossil fuel emissions abatement issue clearly appears as a top priority on the agenda. In this paper we focus on what GHG emissions mitigation policies mean for the European energy system within a global frameworkPROSPECTIVE ; LONG TERM ; CLIMATE POLICY ; EUROPE ; ENERGY SYSTEM

Injecting equipment schemes for injecting drug users : qualitative evidence review

This review of the qualitative literature about needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) for injecting drug users (IDUs) complements the review of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. It aims to provide a more situated narrative perspective on the overall guidance questions