Odnos funkcionalne sposobnosti polena i stepena zametanja plodova u vinove loze (Vitis sp.)

In this paper, pollen functional ability of the cultivars Chardonnay Smederevka and SV 12-375, used as the male parent, for pollination of the cultivar Bagrina, as the female parent, was investigated. Free pollination of the cultivar Bagrina was observed as well as controlled pollination. Satisfactory pollen germination in vitro was established for the cultivars SV 12-375 (76.65%) and Smederevka (66.08%), while the cultivar Chardonnay had low pollen germination (20.88%). An association between pollen functional ability of the pollinizers and fruit set degree was determined for the cultivar Bagrina. Cultivars SV 12-375 and Smederevka were suitable pollinizers for the cultivar Bagrina.U ovom radu proučavana je funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti Šardone Smederevka i SV 12-375 koje su korišćene u svojstvu oca za oprašivanje sorte Bagrina koja je korišćena u svojstvu majke. Pored kontrolisanog oprašivanja praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje sorte Bagrina. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena utvrđena je metodom bojenja acetokarminom i metodom in vitro naklijavanja. Stepen oplodnje ustanovljen je na osnovu broja zametnutih plodova i broja ubranih plodova. Sve ispitivane sorte pokazale su visok procenat obojenih polenovih zrna (preko 75,00%). Zadovoljavajuća klijavost polena in vitro utvrđena je kod sorti SV 12-375 (76,65%) i Smederevka (66,08%), dok je kod sorte Šardone utvrđena niska klijavost polena (20,88%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova ustanovljen je kao rezultat slobodnog oprašivanja (51,43%; 36,94%). Od proučavanih kombinacija kontrolisanog oprašivanja najmanji broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova imala je kombinacija Bagrina x Šardone (29,32%; 15,93%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x SV 12-375 (39,10%), a najveći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x Smederevka (23,90%). Ustanovljena je zavisnost između funkcionalne sposobnosti polena sorti oprašivača i stepena zametanja plodova sorte Bagrina. Dobri oprašivači za sortu Bagrina bile su sorte SV 12-375 i Smederevka

Genetička divergentnost klonova Oblačinske višnje (Prunus ceratus L.)

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3.Oblačinska višnja predstavlja sortu populaciju koja obuhvata veliki broj formi različitih po bujnosti, rodnosti, vremenu sazrevanja, krupnoći, boji i kvalitetu plodova. Pošto Oblačinska višnja nije jedan klon već smeša velikog broja klonova (genotipova) nameće se potreba izdvajanja genetički divergentnih formi za eksploataciju i dalji oplemenjivački rad. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati analize 10 selekcionisanih klonova Oblačinske višnje. Ogled je izveden na OD "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja analizirane su sledeće osobine: vreme sazrevanja, prinos, masa ploda, masa koštice, randman, dužina peteljke ploda, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Genetička divergentnost između proučavanih klonova ustanovljena je primenom hijerarhijske klaster analize. Korišćenje UPGA metod, pri čemu je razlika između grupa izražena preko Euklideanovog rastojanja. Na dobijenom dendrogramu izdvojeno je četiri grupe srodnih klonova. Razdvajanje klonova u grupe bilo je prvenstveno u funkciji njihovog prinosa, mada su uticaj na razdvajanje imale i ostale proučavane osobine. Kao najprinosniji za proizvodnu praksu mogu se preporučiti klon D8 ili klon D4 koji su genetički veoma bliski i klon D3

Genetic divergence of Oblačinska sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) clones

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3

Fenotipska ekspresija bujnosti sorata višnje na različitim podlogama

Influence of 4 different rootstocks (Colt, wild cherry seedling, mahaleb seedling and wild cherry seedling with Oblačinska sour cherry as interstock) on expression of vigor index characteristics (tree height, trunk circumference, canopy diameter, shoot diameter and internode length) in 4 sour cherry cultivars (Early Meteor, Rexelle, Heimanns Konserven, and Kelleris 14) were examined. The largest values for the majority of investigated properties were established on generative rootstocks, and the smallest on interstock. Total variability of trunk circumference and canopy diameter were influenced, in the largest percentage, by rootstock, while total variability of tree height, shoot diameter and internode length were influenced, in the largest percentage, by genetic base of the cultivar.Ispitivan je uticaj 4 različite podloge (Kolt, sejanac divlje trešnje sejanac magrive i sejanac divlje trešnje sa Oblačinskom višnjom kao posrednikom) na ekspresiju osobina pokazatelja bujnosti (visina stabla, obim debla, prečnik krune, prečnik letorasta i dužina internodija) kod 4 sorte višnje (Rani meteor, Reksele, Hajmanova konzervna i Keleris 14). Najveće prosečne vrednosti za većinu proučavanih osobina ustanovljene su na generativnim podlogama, a najmanje na posredniku. Ukupna varijabilnosti obima debla i prečnika krune u najvećem procentu je bila uslovljena podlogom, dok je ukupna varijabilnost visine stabla, prečnika letorasta i dužine internodija u najvećem procentu bila uslovljena genetičkom osnovom sorte

Biotehnologija u oplemenjivanju vinove loze

A review of the most often used biotechnology methods in grapevine breeding are given in this paper. These are: organogenesis; somatic embryo genesis micro propagation; virus elimination from the infected plants; somaclonal variability; in vitro production of haploids; embryo culture; isolation culture and fusion of protoplast and recombinant DNA technology. Effective application of the biotechnology methods in grapevine breeding enable vegetative propagation in vitro, obtaining of new genotypes, suppress mechanism of incompatibility in and between species, gene transfer and designing of gene maps for comparing different species and cultivars and for establishing their affinity or origin. By creating new grapevine cultivars using biotechnology methods, selection can be shortened for several years. However, methods of conventional breeding should not be neglected, especially the method of combine breeding. By mutual using of all methods new grapevine genotypes could be created much faster and much more successfully.U ovom radu dat je pregled najčešće korišćenih metoda biotehnologije u oplemenjivanju vinove loze. To su: organogeneza; somatska embriogeneza mikropropagacija; eliminacija virusa iz inficiranih biljaka; somaklonalna varijabilnost; in vitro proizvodnja haploida; kultura embriona; izolacija kultura i fuzija protoplasta i tehnologija rekombinantne DNK

Osobine selekcionisanih interspecies hibrida vinove loze

Hybridization or crossing of parental partners that are differ in one or more characteristics is the most appropriate method for creating new grapevine cultivars. In the aim for creating new cultivars that are resistant to diseases and unfavorable ecological conditions but with high yield and grape quality, in numerous grapevine breeding programs interspecies hybridization is applied. At Experimental filed "Radmilovac", of Agricultural Faculty in Belgrade, during several years breeders are working to create new grapevine cultivars by interspecies hybridization as well. From numerous crossing combinations a large number of interesting hybrids for recognition as new varieties or for further improvement are obtained. Since selected hybrids details of 6 promising hybrids for fresh consumption are given in this paper. Hybrids with codes 19295 and 19308 were selected from crossing combination Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, hybrid with code 19403 was selected from crossing combination Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, and hybrids with codes 20453, 20493 and 20506 were selected from crossing combination Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg.Iz mnogobrojnih kombinacija interspecies ukrštanja, na Oglednom školskom dobru "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu, dobijen je veliki broj hibrida interesantnih za priznavanje kao nove sorte ili za dalji oplemenjivački rad. Od selekcionisanih hibrida, u ovom radu, detaljnije će se opisati 6 perspektivnih hibrida pogodnih za stonu upotrebu. Hibridi sa šiframa 19295 i 19308 selekcionisani su iz kombinacije ukrštanja Muskat hamburg x Sejanac 108, hibrid sa šifrom 19403 selekcionisan je iz kombinacije ukrštanja Sejanac 108 h Muskat hamburg, a hibridi sa šiframa 20453, 20493 i 20506 selekcionisani su iz kombinacije ukrštanja Sejanac 113 x Muskat hamburg

Morphological and disease resistance characteristics of table grape hybrids

Three promising interspecific table grapes (Vitis hybrids), were examined. Hybrids 9896 and 9984 originated from crossing Muscat Hamburg x Seyve-Villard 12375, and Hybrid 20506 from crossing Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg. Important morphological and disease resistance characteristics were compared with those of standard cultivar 'Muscat Hamburg.' In contrast to the standard, each of the three hybrids showed higher resistance to Plasmopara viticola, Oidium tuckeri and Botrytis cinerea. Hybrids 9896 and 9984 ripened at approximately same time as 'Muscat Hamburg,' while Hybrid 20506 ripened much later. In each of the three hybrids hermaphrodite flower type and ovate berry shape was observed. Hybrids 9896 and 20506 have blue-black skin color and harmonic flavor, while Hybrid 9984 has green-yellow skin color and muscat flavor. Considering yield and grape quality, the tested hybrids were the same or better than the standard cultivar

Growing primocane raspberry cultivars in Serbia

In this paper, first results from trials with primocane fruiting raspberry cultivars 'Autumn Bliss', 'Golden Bliss', 'Polana' and 'Polka' are shown. These cultivars are grown on relative small plots in Serbia. Previous results has shown that mentioned cultivars expressed good fruit properties with regard fruit mass and content of soluble solids. It can be explained with the favourable growing condition for raspberries in Serbia. The best results were obtained with red fruited cultivar Polana and the yellow fruited cultivar 'Golden Bliss'

Klijavost semena i porast sejanaca genotipova vinogradske breskve

U cilju izdvajanja genotipova pogodnih za proizvodnju generativnih podloga, u ovom radu ispitivana je klijavost semena, vitalnost sejanaca i visina sejanaca merena u julu i septembru kod 40 genotipova vinogradske breskve. Klijavost semena ispitivanih genotipova varirala je od 23% do 111%, a vitalnost sejanaca od 4% do 80%. Visina sejanaca merena u julu bila je od 12,60cm do 53,08cm, a visina sejanaca merena u septembru od 47,07cm do 104,58cm. Najmanji porast ustanovljen je kod sejanaca tipa 29 gde je razlika između visine sejanaca u julu i septembru iznosila 26,96cm, dok je najveći porast utvrđen kod sejanaca genotipa 38 gde je razlika između visine sejanaca u julu i septembru iznosila 60,75cm. Najujednačeniju visinu merenu u septembru, tj. na kraju vegetacije (CV=5%) imali su sejanci genotipa 7. Kao najperspektivniji genotipovi mogu se izdvojiti genotip 7, genotip 27, genotip 33 i genotip 40

In vitro pollen germination of peach cultivars

In vitro pollen germination was determined in five peach cultivars, Prunus prsica (L.) Batsch cv. Dixired, Redheaven, Gloheaven, Suncrest and Summerset, Different sucrose concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%), sowing times (fresh pollen, 7 days old pollen, and 14 days old pollen), temperatures (10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C) and incubation times (3h, 6h, 12h, 24h) were tested. It was found that, in addition to the significant influence of genotype, pollen germination depended on sucrose concentration, sowing time and temperature, while incubation time had no influence. The majority of tested peach cultivars had the highest pollen germination in 10% sucrose concentration, with fresh pollen, under 15 degrees C, and 12h after incubation