Mejoramiento del Sistema de Acueducto en el Distrito de Buenaventura

Este proyecto para el sistema de acueducto de Buenaventura abarcó todos los componentes del sistema, por considerar que en cada uno de ellos hay oportunidades importantes de reducción del agua que se pierde en el sistema, o cuyo uso no es eficiente. Las acciones se circunscribieron a aquellas áreas abastecidas por el sistema, o sea el perímetro urbano y los corregimientos de Córdoba, San Cipriano, Citronela y La Gloria. Este programa se enfocó a optimizar, el recurso hídrico y hacer un uso sostenible del mismo, mediante la identificación y caracterización de aquellos eventos que por su naturaleza producen efectos negativos sobre el medio y por tanto establecer medidas de control y mitigación adecuadas.This project for the Buenaventura aqueduct system covered all the components of the system, considering that in each one of them there are important opportunities to reduce the water that is lost in the system, or whose use is not efficient. The actions were limited to those areas supplied by the system, that is, the urban perimeter and the corregimientos of Córdoba, San Cipriano, Citronela and La Gloria. This program focused on optimizing water resources and making sustainable use of them, through the identification and characterization of those events that by their nature produce negative effects on the environment and therefore establish adequate control and mitigation measures

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Effect of the Solar Zenith Angles at Different Latitudes on Estimated Crop Vegetation Indices

Normalization of anisotropic solar reflectance is an essential factor that needs to be considered for field-based phenotyping applications to ensure reliability, consistency, and interpretability of time-series multispectral data acquired using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Different models have been developed to characterize the bidirectional reflectance distribution function. However, the substantial variation in crop breeding trials, in terms of vegetation structure configuration, creates challenges to such modeling approaches. This study evaluated the variation in standard vegetation indices and its relationship with ground-reference data (measured crop traits such as seed/grain yield) in multiple crop breeding trials as a function of solar zenith angles (SZA). UAV-based multispectral images were acquired and utilized to extract vegetation indices at SZA across two different latitudes. The pea and chickpea breeding materials were evaluated in a high latitude (46°36′39.92″ N) zone, whereas the rice lines were assessed in a low latitude (3°29′42.43″ N) zone. In general, several of the vegetation index data were affected by SZA (e.g., normalized difference vegetation index, green normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference red-edge index, etc.) in both latitudes. Nevertheless, the simple ratio index (SR) showed less variability across SZA in both latitude zones amongst these indices. In addition, it was interesting to note that the correlation between vegetation indices and ground-reference data remained stable across SZA in both latitude zones. In summary, SR was found to have a minimum anisotropic reflectance effect in both zones, and the other vegetation indices can be utilized to evaluate relative differences in crop performances, although the absolute data would be affected by SZA

Effects of Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary on Neotropical Vegetation

Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3° to 5°C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress