Anchoring and Dynamic Positioning of Passenger Cruising Vessels

U ovom se radu analitički raščlanjuje i definira pristup održavanju zadane pozicije sidrenjem i dinamičkim pozicioniranjem. Sigurnosni aspekti održavanja zadane pozicije na ta dva načina mogu biti ugroženi različitim vanjskim utjecajima, koji se elaboriraju u radu. Uspostava prostora „sidrište za dinamičko pozicioniranje putničkih brodova za kružna putovanja” i njegova pravna regulacija imaju pomorski i gospodarski interes. Ovim režimom bi se omogućilo povećanje broja putničkih brodova za kružna putovanja. Isto tako bio bi omogućen dolazak velikih putničkih brodova za kružna putovanja i u luke koje nemaju izgrađene odgovarajuće lučke sadržaje (pristane) niti imaju odgovarajuća klasična sidrišta, a zanimljiva su turistička destinacija.The paper has defined and analyzed the approach of keeping allocated position of anchoring by means of dynamic positioning. Safety aspects of keeping allocated position in these two ways might be endangered by outer factors which have been analyzed in the paper. The establishment of the area “anchorage for dynamic positioning of passenger cruising vessels” and its legal regulation is important both from point of view of ship’s business as well as economy. By means of this system, the increase of number of passenger cruising vessels” and its legal regulation is important both from point of view of ship’s business as well as economy. By means of this system, the increase of number of passenger cruising vessels will be achieved. At the same time, the arrival of big passenger cruising vessels would be enabled in the ports not having respective port facilities, nor traditional anchorage which are interesting tourist destinations

Analysis of Risks of Maritime Traffic in the Aquatic Region of Dubrovnik

Pomorski promet u dubrovačkom akvatoriju iz godine u godinu se povećava. Za ljetnih mjeseci dostiže vršno opterećenje i rizik neželjenog događaja (pomorske nezgode) postaje izgledan s mogućim teškim posljedicama. Analiza rizika dubrovačkog akvatorija obuhvaća putničku Luku Dubrovnik i njezino morsko područje i Staru gradsku luku sa sidrištem Lokrumom. U radu su naznačeni identifikacija rizika, učestalost i posljedice pomorskih nezgoda u ovom akvatoriju. Analizirana su dva sudara brodova za kružna putovanja koja su se dogodila na sidrištu Lokrum i s pomoću simulacije napravljen je scenarij manevriranja velikog broda za kružna putovanja u Gruškom zaljevu u otežanim uvjetima. Poradi povećanja sigurnosti plovidbe i manevriranja brodovlja ovim akvatorijem, potrebno je poduzeti više mjera koje se tiču regulacije i kontrole prometa, njegovih rasterećenja u vrsnim opterećenjima, uvođenja sustava nadzora sigurnosti plovidbe i organizacije prihvata brodovlja.Maritime traffic in the aquatic region of Dubrovnik is on the increase each year. During summer months it reaches its peak loads and the risk of marine accidents is imminent incurring possible hard consequences. The analysis of the risk of Dubrovnik aquatic area has comprised the passenger port of Dubrovnik and its marine area and the Old City port with lokrum anchorage. The paper has shown the identification of risks, incidence and the consequences in this aquatic area. Two collisions of cruising vessels which occurred at Lokrum anchorage have been analysed. The scheme of manoeuvering of a large cruising vessel in the Bay of Gruž in adverse conditions has been presented by means of simulation. In order to increase the safety of sailing and manoeuvering of vessels in this aquatic area, various measures of precautions concerning traffic regulation and traffic control must be taken. At the same time the decrease of peak loads should be considered and the introduction of the system of safety control of navigation and the organization of the acceptance of ships

Stabilization of gas-filled surge arrester's characteristics by use of ionizing radiation

U radu se razmatra stabilizacija električnog pražnjenja u gasovima primenom spoljašnjeg jonizujućeg zračenja. Razmatrano je pražnjenje modela gasnog odvodnika prenapona u pasivnom i aktivnom radnom režimu. Korišćen je originalno razvijen model gasnog odvodnika prenapona. Parametri merenja su bili pritisak gasa i međuelektrodno rastojanje. Primenjeno zračenje je bilo: α-zračenje, γ-zračenje, X-zračenje i neutronsko zračenje. Merenja su vršena pod dobro kontrolisanim laboratorijskim uslovima. Kombinovana merna nesigurnost primenjenog postupka procenjena je na manje od 5%. Dobijenim rezultatima je dato teorijsko tumačenje. Osnovni rezultat je da jonizujuće zračenje ne mora nužno da ograničava funkciju gasnih odvodnika prenapona, već da je, pod određenim uslovima, poboljšava.This paper investigates the stabilization of electrical discharges in gases by means of external ionizing radiation. Discharges in a gas-filled surge arrester model were studied in both passive and active regimes of the device. An originally developed model of the gas-filled surge arrester was used. Gas pressure and the interelectrode gap were the variable parameters in our measurements. Applied radiation types included α-particles, γ-rays, X-rays, and neutrons. Measurements were performed under highly controlled laboratory conditions. The combined measurement uncertainty of the applied procedure was estimated as being under the 5% level. The results obtained are followed by a theoretical explanation. The crucial result is the conclusion that ionizing radiation does not necessarily degrade the gas-filled surge arrester's functionality but that it, rather, improves it under certain conditions

Ground Surface Subsidence Monitoring Using Sentinel-1 in the “Kostolac” Open Pit Coal Mine

Open pit coal mining affects surrounding populated areas, resulting in terrain surface deformation. Surface deformation should be monitored as often as possible to control deformations and prevent potential incidents. This paper analyzes time series deformation estimated from the Sentinel-1 satellite images using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry method to monitor subsidence rates caused by open pit mining activities. It is possible to measure deformations using classical geodetic methods, but those are rarely used in practice because they are time-consuming and expensive for application in large areas. Using the open access radar images from the Sentinel-1 mission, 513 images from the repository were downloaded between October 2016 and the end of December 2020. We present the processing steps in detail in order to establish a workflow for the automated processing of vertical displacement estimation using open source tools; a total of 402 images were processed: 215 images belonged to the ascending satellite orbit, 187 images belonged to the descending orbit, and 111 images were rejected because of adverse weather conditions. The PS InSAR technique has never been used for the mines of the Republic of Serbia or for land surveying practices related to deformation monitoring. The results based on the Sentinel-1 images were compared with results from geodetic leveling and with neotectonic uplift trends. The trend lines of vertical displacement obtained from PS and corresponding leveling are significantly similar (a Pearson correlation of 85% with a p-value of 0.015). The final evaluation reported results of vertical displacements at the leveling benchmark of −3.4 mm/year with the PS InSAR method and −2.7 mm/year with the leveling method. A comparison of the PS vertical displacements with a settlement model fits reasonably, suggesting that the measurements are valid. As four years of PS time series data is insufficient to establish undisputable conclusions on the neotectonics uplift, extending the time series (covering at least a decade) implies that this approach will become attractive in future neotectonic uplift trend estimations. This study illustrates not only the ability of Sentinel-1 data in mapping vertical deformations, but the obtained results could also be used for geohazard monitoring and land monitoring in general for the area of interest

SLAGANJE, OSIGURAVANJE I PRIČVRŠĆIVANJE TERETA DRVA NA PALUBI

Pojam tereta drva na palubi obuhvaća drvo koje se kao teret prevozi na otkrivenoj palubi (najgornja neprekinuta paluba izložena utjecaju mora i vjetra), ili na dijelu palube nadvođa ili na palubi iznad palube nadvođa. Ovaj rad sadrži koncepcijski usklađen prikaz osnovnih preporuka o slaganju, pričvršćenju i osiguranju tereta drva na palubi koje proizlaze iz Kodeksa o sigurnom prijevozu tereta drva na palubi, Pravila za tehnički nadzor pomorskih brodova - HRB, te izlaganja sa seminara u okviru Pariškog memoranduma održanog u Hamburgu u svibnju 2000

Some New Elements in Positioning Anchorage Area for Passenger Cruisers Near Port of Dubrovnik

There are several factors to be considered while creating anchoragearea for cruising ships. Mandatory elements includedin the analyses of the anchorage area are: security factor,aquatorium factor, ship factor, environmental pollution factor,anchorage occupancy factor and legal issues. Consideringmany specifics of the city of Dubrovnik and the surroundingarea some new principles had to be included in order to find themost convenient solution for the new anchorage area. Theseprinciples are proportionality, traditionality and diversity appliedto some aspects of cruisers and anchoring aquatorium.With such approach it was possible to position the optimal areafor anchoring near very sensitive old city of Dubrovnik and satisfyall the subjects included in that problem

Analyses of State and Density of Traffic in the Port of Dubrovnik- Gruz

Port of Gruž is located in a naturally protected bay whichcan accommddate the biggest passenger cmisers and RO-ROships that sail the Mediterranean. At the same time there aremore yachts/'visiting the port because of the vicinity of theDubrovnik historic sites. The frequency of maritime traffic andother mariti~e services is rapidly increasing and sometimescausing owfrload in the summer months. The sizes of all kindsof ships a~d yachts that manoeuvre in the port are getting bigger.The itinerary for the following seasons and prognoses till2010 stress the increase in the number of ships, vehicles andpassengers. The activities at the passenger terminal are in progressat the moment and after completing all the works the passengerpier will be about BOOm long with the depth of 12m.Handling of cmisers will therefore be much easier and more efficient.Another benefit for the bay will be the construction ofthe Yacht marina and marina for the local boats all along thesouth-west coast of the bay. Considering summer peaks in allkinds of traffic it is necessary to analyse the state of all relevanttraffic factors and the density of traffic in order to organise safeand smooth flow of ships, vehicles and passengers through theport of Dubrovnik - Gmi

Error in the Reconstruction of Nonsparse Images

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