6,832 research outputs found
Evaluation of approaches to control of Maedi-Visna disease of sheep using a Markov chain simulation model for a range of typical British Flocks
An epidemiological model is described that closely mimicked results of a published serological study of natural transmission of Maedi-Visna virus in a low ground flock of sheep. We adjusted parameters in the model from this baseline to explore the possible implications for the control of Maedi-Visna virus in typical British flocks. On closed hill farms, low probability of effective contact was most critical for control. In open low ground flocks, purchasing accredited replacements eliminated disease spread, otherwise flock size was the most important factor governing flock prevalence. Results highlighted the need for more epidemiological information about Maedi-Visna, particularly whether hill farms act as a hidden reservoir of virus or reduce the impact of this disease on the industry by providing a source of clean replacementsLivestock Production/Industries, Maedi-Visna, Model, Markov Chain, Sheep, Control,
Theoretical Clues to the Ultraviolet Diversity of Type Ia Supernovae
The effect of metallicity on the observed light of Type Ia supernovae (SNe
Ia) could lead to systematic errors as the absolute magnitudes of local and
distant SNe Ia are compared to measure luminosity distances and determine
cosmological parameters. The UV light may be especially sensitive to
metallicity, though different modeling methods disagree as to the magnitude,
wavelength dependence, and even the sign of the effect. The outer density
structure, ^56 Ni, and to a lesser degree asphericity, also impact the UV. We
compute synthetic photometry of various metallicity-dependent models and
compare to UV/optical photometry from the Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope.
We find that the scatter in the mid-UV to near-UV colors is larger than
predicted by changes in metallicity alone and is not consistent with reddening.
We demonstrate that a recently employed method to determine relative abundances
using UV spectra can be done using UVOT photometry, but we warn that accurate
results require an accurate model of the cause of the variations. The abundance
of UV photometry now available should provide constraints on models that
typically rely on UV spectroscopy for constraining metallicity, density, and
other parameters. Nevertheless, UV spectroscopy for a variety of SN explosions
is still needed to guide the creation of accurate models. A better
understanding of the influences affecting the UV is important for using SNe Ia
as cosmological probes, as the UV light may test whether SNe Ia are
significantly affected by evolutionary effects.Comment: 10 pages. Submitted to Ap
On the morphology of the electron-positron annihilation emission as seen by SPI/INTEGRAL
The 511 keV positron annihilation emission remains a mysterious component of
the high energy emission of our Galaxy. Its study was one of the key scientific
objective of the SPI spectrometer on-board the INTEGRAL satellite. In fact, a
lot of observing time has been dedicated to the Galactic disk with a particular
emphasis on the central region. A crucial issue in such an analysis concerns
the reduction technique used to treat this huge quantity of data, and more
particularly the background modeling. Our method, after validation through a
variety of tests, is based on detector pattern determination per ~6 month
periods, together with a normalisation variable on a few hour timescale. The
Galactic bulge is detected at a level of ~70 sigma allowing more detailed
investigations. The main result is that the bulge morphology can be modelled
with two axisymmetric Gaussians of 3.2 deg. and 11.8 deg. FWHM and respective
fluxes of 2.5 and 5.4 x 10^-4 photons/(cm^2.s^1). We found a possible shift of
the bulge centre towards negative longitude at l=-0.6 +/- 0.2 degrees. In
addition to the bulge, a more extended structure is detected significantly with
flux ranging from 1.7 to 2.9 x10^-3 photons/(cm^2.s^1) depending on its assumed
geometry (pure disk or disk plus halo). The disk emission is also found to be
symmetric within the limits of the statistical errors.Comment: This paper has 12 pages and 14 figures. Accepted for publication by
the Astrophysical Journa
On Albanese torsors and the elementary obstruction
We show that the elementary obstruction to the existence of 0-cycles of
degree 1 on an arbitrary variety X (over an arbitrary field) can be expressed
in terms of the Albanese 1-motives associated with dense open subsets of X.
Arithmetic applications are given
Summation and transformation formulas for elliptic hypergeometric series
Using matrix inversion and determinant evaluation techniques we prove several
summation and transformation formulas for terminating, balanced,
very-well-poised, elliptic hypergeometric series.Comment: 21 pages, AMS-LaTe
Late Light Curves of Normal Type Ia Supernovae
We present late-epoch optical photometry (BVRI) of seven
normal/super-luminous Type Ia supernovae: SN 2000E, SN 2000ce, SN 2000cx, SN
2001C, SN 2001V, SN 2001bg, SN 2001dp. The photometry of these objects was
obtained using a template subtraction method to eliminate galaxy light
contamination during aperture photometry. We show the optical light curves of
these supernovae out to epochs of up to ~640 days after the explosion of the
supernova. We show a linear decline in these data during the epoch of 200-500
days after explosion with the decline rate in the B,V,& R bands equal to about
1.4 mag/100 days, but the decline rate of the I-band is much shallower at 0.94
mag/100 days.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astronomical
Journa
The functional integral with unconditional Wiener measure for anharmonic oscillator
In this article we propose the calculation of the unconditional Wiener
measure functional integral with a term of the fourth order in the exponent by
an alternative method as in the conventional perturbative approach. In contrast
to the conventional perturbation theory, we expand into power series the term
linear in the integration variable in the exponent. In such a case we can
profit from the representation of the integral in question by the parabolic
cylinder functions. We show that in such a case the series expansions are
uniformly convergent and we find recurrence relations for the Wiener functional
integral in the - dimensional approximation. In continuum limit we find
that the generalized Gelfand - Yaglom differential equation with solution
yields the desired functional integral (similarly as the standard Gelfand -
Yaglom differential equation yields the functional integral for linear harmonic
oscillator).Comment: Source file which we sent to journa
Evidence of a Curved Synchrotron Spectrum in the Supernova Remnant SN 1006
A joint spectral analysis of some Chandra ACIS X-ray data and Molonglo
Observatory Synthesis Telescope radio data was performed for 13 small regions
along the bright northeastern rim of the supernova remnant SN 1006. These data
were fitted with a synchrotron radiation model. The nonthermal electron
spectrum used to compute the photon emission spectra is the traditional
exponentially cut off power law, with one notable difference: The power-law
index is not a constant. It is a linear function of the logarithm of the
momentum. This functional form enables us to show, for the first time, that the
synchrotron spectrum of SN 1006 seems to flatten with increasing energy. The
effective power-law index of the electron spectrum is 2.2 at 1 GeV (i.e., radio
synchrotron-emitting momenta) and 2.0 at about 10 TeV (i.e., X-ray
synchrotron-emitting momenta). This amount of change in the index is
qualitatively consistent with theoretical models of the amount of curvature in
the proton spectrum of the remnant. The evidence of spectral curvature implies
that cosmic rays are dynamically important instead of being "test" particles.
The spectral analysis also provides a means of determining the critical
frequency of the synchrotron spectrum associated with the highest-energy
electrons. The critical frequency seems to vary along the northeastern rim,
with a maximum value of 1.1e17 (0.6e17 - 2.1e17) Hz. This value implies that
the electron diffusion coefficient can be no larger than a factor of ~4.5-21
times the Bohm diffusion coefficient if the velocity of the forward shock is in
the range 2300-5000 km/s. Since the coefficient is close to the Bohm limit,
electrons are accelerated nearly as fast as possible in the regions where the
critical frequency is about 1.0e17 Hz.Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Ap
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