Dual-Language Immersion

While latinos make up 18% of the American population, many analysts are noticing a problem with their education (Flores, 2017). One attempt to confront this problem is by the implementation of Dual-Language Immersion programs. The attempts to successfully transition first generation Spanish-speaking children into a predominantly English-speaking society like America have produced negative effects on their cognitive development. This establishes the premise for educational hardship throughout their scholastic development. Research has shown that Dual-Language Immersion has become an answer for this issue addressing the gaps and pitfalls that first generation Spanish-speaking children experience in a basic educational platform (Valdes, 1997). As an example, schools in Portland, Oregon have implemented many Dual Language programs that operate using a lottery system, yet some elements of these programs have sceptics suggesting that this could be leaving Latinos behind. In particular, this paper will be exploring the impact of dual language programs on Latina/o’s and how Caucasian families are also seeing the benefits of having their child attend Dual-Language Immersion programs by giving them the opportunity to be proficient in a foreign language at a young age, possibly benefiting them professionally in the future. Studies have shown that there are many benefits to Dual-Language Immersion programs not just reflected in standardized testing, but also enriching local society and developing well rounded students

Label Shift Estimators for Non-Ignorable Missing Data

We consider the problem of estimating the mean of a random variable Y subject to non-ignorable missingness, i.e., where the missingness mechanism depends on Y . We connect the auxiliary proxy variable framework for non-ignorable missingness (West and Little, 2013) to the label shift setting (Saerens et al., 2002). Exploiting this connection, we construct an estimator for non-ignorable missing data that uses high-dimensional covariates (or proxies) without the need for a generative model. In synthetic and semi-synthetic experiments, we study the behavior of the proposed estimator, comparing it to commonly used ignorable estimators in both well-specified and misspecified settings. Additionally, we develop a score to assess how consistent the data are with the label shift assumption. We use our approach to estimate disease prevalence using a large health survey, comparing ignorable and non-ignorable approaches. We show that failing to account for non-ignorable missingness can have profound consequences on conclusions drawn from non-representative samples.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Vertical Conflicts: The Role of State Law in Suits under Section 301

One of the most difficult practical problems posed by our federal system arises when the judicial institutions of one law-making authority are enlisted to enforce and protect rights created by another. While the United States Supreme Court through its appellate jurisdiction is the institution charged with the final responsibility for overseeing a satisfactory solution to this problem, and while the Court can indicate how competing interests are to be harmonized in specific controversies and provide some principles which may be useful in different contexts, it cannot review every state 301 suit. In the long run, success depends upon the earnest labors of state courts to identify the policies which are in conflict and bring their energies to bear in an effort to achieve a true resolution of the competing interests. For the most part, the Court has delineated the policy values under 301 law, and what remains is the application of these policies to specific issues which arise during the course of litigation. It is the purpose of this note to engage in the type of analytical processes state courts must undertake and to reach some conclusions concerning the role of state law in suits brought under section 301

Ferromagnetic properties of one-dimensional decamethylferrocenium tetracyanoethylenide (1:1): [Fe(n5-C5Me5)2].+[TCNE].-

Journal Article[Fe(C5Me5)2].+ [TCNE].-- has been characterized by magnetic susceptibility to possess dominant ferromagnetic interactions; its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography

Quest for a polymeric ferromagnet: a new polymorph of 1,4-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxy-4-piperidyl-1-oxy)butadiyne (invited)

Journal ArticleA new polymorph of 1,4-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxy-4-piperidyl-l-oxy) butadiyne has been prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and magnetic susceptibility. Unlike t h e Pccn-a phase, the B phase belongs to the Pca2y1 space group [a = 14.265(1) A(o),b = 8.079 (3) A(o), and c = 18.865(2) A(o), V = 2174.1 A(o) 3, Z = 4, T = - 100 °C, Ru = 4.8%, Rw = 5.0%) . The C=C, CC-CC, and NO distances are 1.201, 1.391, and 1.293 A., respectively. The only intermolecular interactions a r e 1.844-A(o)-OH... ON hydrogen bonding interactions

Formation of a zwitterionic donor-acceptor compound based on N,N,N',N'-tetramethly-p-phenylenediamine and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoperfluoro-p-quinodimethane

Journal ArticleThe reaction of the donor N,N,N',N'- tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) with the acceptor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoperfluoro-p-quinodimethane (TCNQF4) has led to the isolation of a novel type of zwitterionic donor-acceptor compound whose structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography

Spacelab 3 flight experiment No. 3AFT23: Autogenic-feedback training as a preventive method for space adaptation syndrome

Space adaptation syndrome is a motion sickness-like disorder which affects up to 50 percent of all people exposed to microgravity in space. This experiment tested a physiological conditioning procedure (Autogenic-Feedback Training, AFT) as an alternative to pharmacological management. Four astronauts participated as subjects in this experiment. Crewmembers A and B served as treatment subjects. Both received preflight training for control of heart rate, respiration rate, peripheral blood volume, and skin conductance. Crewmembers C and D served as controls (i.e., did not receive training). Crewmember A showed reliable control of his own physiological responses, and a significant increase in motion sickness tolerance after training. Crewmember B, however, demonstrated much less control and only a moderate increase in motion sickness tolerance was observed after training. The inflight symptom reports and physiological data recordings revealed that Crewmember A did not experience any severe symptom episodes during the mission, while Crewmember B reported one severe symptom episode. Both control group subjects, C and D (who took antimotion sickness medication), reported multiple symptom episodes on mission day 0. Both inflight data and crew reports indicate that AFT may be an effective countermeasure. Additional data must be obtained inflight (a total of eight treatment and eight control subjects) before final evaluation of this treatment can be made

Autogenic-feedback training: A preventive method for space adaptation syndrome

The progress made to date on the reduction of data for Spacelab 3 Shuttle experiment, No. 3AFT23 is reported. Four astronauts participated as subjects in this experiment. Crewmen A and B served as treatment subjects (i.e., received preflight training for control of their own motion sickness symptoms) and Crewmen C and D served as control (i.e., did not receive training). A preliminary evaluation of Autogenic Feedback Training (AFT) was made from visual inspections of graphs that were generated from the preflight and inflight and inflight physiological data which included: (1) Baseline rotating chair tests for all crewmen; (2) Posttraining rotating chair tests of treatment groups subjects; (3) Preflight data from Joint Integrated Simulations for all crewmen; and (4) Flight data for all crewmen during mission days 0 through 4, and mission day 6 for treatment subjects only. A summary of the findings suggested by these data is outlined