Birding by Ear: A Study of Recreational Specialization and Soundscape Preference

Soundscapes have become recognized as an important natural resource. The traditional human-made versus natural soundscape comparison currently used in recreational resource management is challenged by borrowing soundscape components (i.e., biophony, anthrophony, and geophony) from soundscape ecology. This study is designed to evaluate the soundscape preference of birders. A three-component model of recreational specialization was used to evaluate how recreationists may differ in their preference for soundscape components. Data from in-person surveys collected at The Audubon Center and Sanctuary at Francis Beidler Forest in Harleyville, South Carolina were used in combination with surveys from online birding list servers to obtain a sample of 415 individuals with varying levels of specialization. The findings suggest that soundscape preference exists as biophony, geophony, and anthrophony and that preference for geophony differs among specialization segments

New Strategies for Stereo- and Regiocontrol in Allene Hydrosilylation.

Controlling the regiochemistry in additions of silanes across units of unsaturation is a significant challenge in route to important stereo- and regiodefined alkenyl- and allylsilane intermediates. In many cases the absence of substrate biases or appended directing groups, these reactions are unselective affording mixtures of inseparable constitutional isomers. With the aim to develop catalyst-controlled strategies to find solutions for these challenges, we investigated allene hydrosilylations due to the possibility of accessing either allyl- or alkenylsilanes from one substrate class. Regioselective allene hydrosilylations with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of nickel and palladium have been developed and are described. In this reaction manifold, regioselectivity is governed primarily by choice of metal as alkenylsilanes are produced via nickel catalysis with larger NHC ligands and allylsilanes are produced via palladium catalysis with smaller NHC ligands. These complementary methods allow either regioisomeric product to be obtained with exceptional regiocontrol. Additional complementary access to the corresponding alkenylsilanes is accomplished with palladium catalysis via a novel ligand-controlled strategy with a class of large NHC ligands. In this approach, modification of NHC ligand structure from a common palladium pre-catalyst permits either regioisomeric product to be afforded in excellent regiocontrol via the reversal of a palladium hydrometalation to a silylmetalation. As an extension of this discovery, a one-pot hydroarylation protocol has been elucidated to afford functionalized branched alkene isomers. This process involves regioselective allene hydrosilylation in tandem with a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to furnish exclusively functionalized 1,1-disubstituted olefins. Regio- and stereocontrolled additions to 1,3-disubstituted allenes affording either E-allylsilanes with palladium NHC catalysts or Z-alkenylsilanes with nickel NHC catalysts have been discovered. It was found that a variety of symmetrically and unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted allenes were tolerated with the optimized reaction conditions. The NHC nickel catalyst developed selectively affords only the Z-stereoisomer, which is typically the opposite stereochemistry experienced in normal mode transition-metal catalyzed hydrometalations. In addition, when the nickel reaction was conducted with unsymmetrical allenes differentiated by steric encumbrance result in only one isomer was afforded in high yields. These developments provide access to important stereo- and regiodefined, metalated intermediates useful in a variety of synthetic transformations.PHDChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111587/1/zdmiller_1.pd

Regiodivergent and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes

Methods for the highly stereoselective and regiodivergent hydrosilylation of 1,3‐disubstituted allenes have been developed. The synthesis of E allylsilanes is accomplished with palladium NHC catalysts, and trisubstituted Z alkenylsilanes are accessed with nickel NHC catalysts. Unsymmetrically substituted allenes are well tolerated with nickel catalysis and afford Z alkenylsilanes. Evidence for a plausible mechanism was obtained through an isotopic double‐labeling crossover study.Silanes with a choice: The hydrosilylation of 1,3‐disubstituted allenes, which have presented a notorious challenge for regioselective additions, can now be accomplished with outstanding levels of regio‐ and stereocontrol. By altering the metal catalyst and ligand structure, access to trisubstituted Z alkenylsilanes or trans allylsilanes is provided in a simple catalytic operation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112189/1/anie_201503521_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112189/2/9088_ftp.pd

Regiodivergent and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes

Methods for the highly stereoselective and regiodivergent hydrosilylation of 1,3‐disubstituted allenes have been developed. The synthesis of E allylsilanes is accomplished with palladium NHC catalysts, and trisubstituted Z alkenylsilanes are accessed with nickel NHC catalysts. Unsymmetrically substituted allenes are well tolerated with nickel catalysis and afford Z alkenylsilanes. Evidence for a plausible mechanism was obtained through an isotopic double‐labeling crossover study.Silane haben die Wahl: Die Hydrosilylierung von 1,3‐disubstituierten Allenen, die sonst äußerst schwierige Substrate für regioselektive Additionen sind, kann jetzt mit ausgezeichneter Regio‐ und Stereoselektivität durchgeführt werden. Durch den Wechsel von Metallkatalysator und Ligand werden entweder trisubstituierte Z‐Alkenylsilane oder trans‐Allylsilane erhalten.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112220/1/ange_201503521_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112220/2/9216_ftp.pd

Visual-Based Social Norms, Distance-Related Human–Wildlife Interactions, and Viewing Devices in Parks and Protected Areas

Distance-related human–wildlife conflict presents a serious challenge in parks and protected areas across the world. Finding ways to alleviate distance-related human–wildlife conflict is hampered by both the difficulty of studying human–wildlife interactions in the field as well as the dearth of existing methodological tools. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors of group size, distance from bison (Bison bison), and use of wildlife viewing equipment on visitor proximity preferences in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA). Researchers collected data via intercept-surveys during summer 2015. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA to explore how these factors influenced acceptability ratings of distances between people and bison. Results indicate that people who always used a smartphone camera felt it was more acceptable to stand closer to bison than people who never used a smartphone camera. The discussion offers several practical applications for reducing human–bison conflicts as well as directions for future research

2021-2022 Statewide Utah Angler Survey Report

Continuing an effort that dates to 1967, we collected data through a statewide survey of licensed anglers in an effort to understand their preference and behaviors. Anglers were surveyed across the state of Utah, as well as nonresident anglers who purchased a Utah fishing license. This research was guided by objectives developed by the Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR) as and our research team at the Institute of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism at Utah State University. In the report, we provide statewide statistics and comparisons between the DWRs five management regions. The objectives and key findings are:Objective 1. Define the characteristics of Utah anglersObjective 2. Produce a snapshot of angling in Utah over a 12-month periodObjective 3. Identify what motivates Utah anglersObjective 4. Identify what fish species anglers expected to catch, caught, and prefer to catchObjective 5. Gauge anglers’ perceptions and knowledge of native and nonnative fish species in UtahObjective 6. Explore Utah anglers’ perceptions of, and experiences with, crowdingObjective 7. Identify potential areas where managers can create or promote opportunities for Utah anglers to combine recreational activities to enhance the angling experienceThe report provides tables and figures and explanations pertaining to each of the research objectives outlined above. In addition, statewide and regional statistics are provided to showcase the unique trends associated with Utah anglers and angling resources in Utah

The Role of Tourism Impacts on Cultural Ecosystem Services

Parks and protected areas are recognized for the important ecosystem services, or benefits, they provide society. One emerging but understudied component is the cultural ecosystem services that parks and protected areas provide. These cultural ecosystem services include a variety of benefits, such as cultural heritage, spiritual value, recreation opportunities, and human health and well-being. However, many of these services can only be provided if people visit these parks and protected areas through tourism opportunities. However, with this tourism use comes a variety of inevitable resource impacts. This current research connects potential impacts from tourism in parks and protected areas to the health and well-being aspect of cultural ecosystem services. We used an MTurk sample to record affective responses across a range of resource conditions. Results demonstrate that as tourism-related ecological impacts increased, positive affect decreased. Decreases in positive affect were more severe for park and protected area scenes featuring informal and/or undesignated social trails when compared to scenes with increasing levels of trampling/vegetation loss. Collectively, the results show that managing tourism in parks and protected areas in a manner that reduces impact is essential to providing beneficial cultural ecosystem services related to human health and well-being

No limits of acceptable change: A proposed research framework for informing visitor use management in the context of cultural resources

Cultural resources are commonly defined as resources that provide material evidence of past human activities. These resources are unique, as they are both finite and non-renewable. This provides a challenge for traditional visitor use management since these resources have no limits of acceptable change. However, with nearly every national park in the US containing cultural resources, coupled with ever-growing visitation, it is essential that managers of parks and protected areas have the ability to make science-informed decisions about cultural resources in the context of visitor use management. We propose a framework that can help provide context and exploration for these challenges. Drawing on previous literature, this framework includes risk-based approaches to decision making about visitor use; visitor cognitions related to cultural resources; emotions, mood, and affect related to cultural resource experiences; creating and evaluating interpretive programs; deviant visitor behaviors related to cultural resources; and co-management

‘No One Should Destroy the Forest\u27: Using photo-based vignette interviews to understand Kenyan teachers\u27 views of the environment

In the midst of the current environmental crisis, scientists, academics, authors, and politicians worldwide are urging citizens to create sustainable communities. However, there is little capability to build a sustainable society without an informed, active, and engaged populous. This requires more than just environmentally knowledgeable citizens. It requires a society that understands the principles of the environment and can also exemplify them in daily life. In order to create a more environmentally literate world, there has been a push for environmental education integrated into schools. This qualitative study sought to examine Kenyan teachers’ perspectives on the human–nature interaction by conducting vignette focus-group interviews. It is a subject not widely explored but vital for conservation not only in this area, but also other areas that seek to have an ecological informed populous. The vignettes were created using photographs and explanations of the photographs that the participants collected and emailed to the authors. For the focus-group vignette interviews, there were a total of 55 participants (30 females and 25 males). After InVivo analysis, we had 6 codes (resentment, pride, perils, blame, pragmatism, and self-interested) within 3 major themes. This study has implications for informing science education to combat these traditions of subjecting students to a science curriculum that demotes Kenyan cultural heritage and lifestyle. By incorporating local knowledge such as the ideas discussed in this paper into Kenyan science education, Kenyans can reach one of most challenging objectives of education, which is to produce children who are fundamentally aware of their environment

Nudging Students Beyond the FAFSA: The Impact of University Outreach on Financial Aid Behaviors and Outcomes

A growing body of research indicates that proactive outreach from high schools and college access organizations about college preparation tasks, and specifically focusing on completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), results in increased college enrollment. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the role of colleges and universities in this outreach and outreach relating to additional financial aid barriers that students face while applying to college, such as the CSS PROFILE form. In this article we investigated, through an inter-university collaboration, the effect of sending targeted, semi-personalized text messages to students during the college application process about important financial aid deadlines, making salient the specific forms required and prompting students to plan specific times to complete these tasks. The intervention increased CSS PROFILE filing by 3.1-4.3 percentage points, where the estimates and their significance varied depending on the comparison group. Impacts on student enrollment did not accompany these filing impacts. Results from our collaboration support the idea that colleges and universities have an important role to play in outreach to applicants relating to important financial aid tasks. The paper includes a discussion of the promises and challenges of this outreach with recommendations for practitioners