Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

A. Waldron, K. Nakamura, J. Sze, T. Vilela, A. Escobedo, P. Negret Torres, R. Button, K. Swinnerton, A. Toledo, P. Madgwick, N. Mukherjee were supported by National Geographic and the Resources Legacy Fund. V. Christensen was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2019-04901. M. Coll and J. Steenbeek were supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817578 (TRIATLAS). D. Leclere was supported by TradeHub UKRI CGRF project. R. Heneghan was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Acciones de Programacion Conjunta Internacional (PCIN-2017-115). M. di Marco was supported by MIUR Rita Levi Montalcini programme. A. Fernandez-Llamazares was supported by Academy of Finland (grant nr. 31176). S. Fujimori and T. Hawegawa were supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan and the Sumitomo Foundation. V. Heikinheimo was supported by Kone Foundation, Social Media for Conservation project. K. Scherrer was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 682602. U. Rashid Sumaila acknowledges the OceanCanada Partnership, which funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). T. Toivonen was supported by Osk. Huttunen Foundation & Clare Hall college, Cambridge. W. Wu was supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Z. Yuchen was supported by a Ministry of Education of Singapore Research Scholarship Block (RSB) Research Fellowship

Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framewor

58 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables- The World Economic Forum now ranks biodiversity loss as a top-five risk to the global economy, and the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes an expansion of conservation areas to 30% of the earth’s surface by 2030 (hereafter the “30% target”), using protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). - Two immediate concerns are how much a 30% target might cost and whether it will cause economic losses to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors. - Conservation areas also generate economic benefits (e.g. revenue from nature tourism and ecosystem services), making PAs/Nature an economic sector in their own right. - If some economic sectors benefit but others experience a loss, high-level policy makers need to know the net impact on the wider economy, as well as on individual sectors. [...]A. Waldron, K. Nakamura, J. Sze, T. Vilela, A. Escobedo, P. Negret Torres, R. Button, K. Swinnerton, A. Toledo, P. Madgwick, N. Mukherjee were supported by National Geographic and the Resources Legacy Fund. V. Christensen was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2019-04901. M. Coll and J. Steenbeek were supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817578 (TRIATLAS). D. Leclere was supported by TradeHub UKRI CGRF project. R. Heneghan was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Acciones de Programacion Conjunta Internacional (PCIN-2017-115). M. di Marco was supported by MIUR Rita Levi Montalcini programme. A. Fernandez-Llamazares was supported by Academy of Finland (grant nr. 311176). S. Fujimori and T. Hawegawa were supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan and the Sumitomo Foundation. V. Heikinheimo was supported by Kone Foundation, Social Media for Conservation project. K. Scherrer was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 682602. U. Rashid Sumaila acknowledges the OceanCanada Partnership, which funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). T. Toivonen was supported by Osk. Huttunen Foundation & Clare Hall college, Cambridge. W. Wu was supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Z. Yuchen was supported by a Ministry of Education of Singapore Research Scholarship Block (RSB) Research FellowshipPeer reviewe

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Methodological observations on the secret life of children's play: The push-and-pull of peer membership.

This research aims to show through video recordings and conversation analysis how children use language and multimodal interactions to accomplish peer social orders. Young children often find physical and interactional spaces to undertake their peer activities without the presence of adults. At times, children's social interactions may be hidden from adults, and may include excluding others from their peer group play (Corsaro, 1985, Paley, 1992; Sheldon, 1996). Underpinned by the sociologies of childhood, children were viewed as competent to manage their social interactions in situ (Corsaro, 2005; Cromdal, 2006; Danby & Baker, 1998). The methodological approaches of ethnomethodology and conversational analysis were employed to investigate children's social worlds. Ethnomethodological studies concentrate on locating the interactional methods interactants use to create shared meaning and conversation analysis focuses on the sequential features of talk-in-interaction to describe how talk is organised and produced as the interaction unfolds. The ethical considerations were addressed through child centric approaches relating to child assent. Conversation analysis afforded understandings of how two girls in preschool produced rules and conditions that restricted a third girl's access to the play resources and to the peer group, so that her membership always was uncertain. This sequence of push-and-pull activity outside the teacher's gaze, shows how children's secret everyday life is produced within the boundaries of the classroom, even within the presence of a nearby adult. Findings provide an opportunity for researchers and educators to understand and recognise the secret lives of children's social order in classroom contexts

All in the family : Siblings' multimodal interactions with digital media

Siblings growing up in everyday family life typical- ly have many opportunities to participate in shared aspects of family social and cultural life, and yet we still know very little about siblings’ multimodal inter- actions when using digital media. Using video-record- ed data of everyday family interactions, this presen- tation investigates how siblings interact with each when engaged in digital gaming. Gaining access to family everyday life is a sensitive and delicate matter, particularly when the data collection approach goes beyond interviews and surveys to observe and video record actual practices as they unfold. Analysis drew on ethnomethodological and conversation analysis approaches to show in fine-grained detail the multi- modal actions that the siblings used to support each other’s game play. Ranging in age from 2 to 9 years of age, siblings at times were participants in a mutually shared digital activity; at other times, while engaged in their own digital activities, they intervened to of- fer support to their sibling. For instance, there were instances of siblings calling out for help, and receiv- ing solicited (or unsolicited) guidance through verbal and non-verbal means. As well, strategies of problem solving and collaboration were evident across these social interactions. The strategies used by the siblings are not unique to a family interactional context, as col- laboration and problem solving occur in other con- texts as well, including in classroom settings. Rather, we show that the support undertaken by children is not an age-related feature; routinely we saw younger siblings supporting older siblings. The informal inter- actions that occurred without adult presence offers rare insights into contemporary sibling life in the home. It may be that digital gaming is providing new opportunities for siblings to connect with each oth- er. Understanding siblings’ multimodal interactions in their digital worlds may help better understand the positive influences of siblings in learning new con- cepts and skills, and how they socially produce their relationship

Siblings accomplishing tasks together: Solicited and unsolicited assistance when using digital technology

Investigation of sibling engagement in their digital worlds enables better understanding of how digital technology can support the social production of sibling relationships. Observational video data of siblings at home show how they participate in mutually shared digital activity, intervening to offer support, while also focussing on their own media practices. Siblings recruit help, and receive solicited and unsolicited guidance from each other through verbal and multimodal means. Strategies of problem solving and collaboration support each other’s engagement with digital technology and are evident across these interactions

All in the family: Siblings' multimodal interactions with digital media

Siblings growing up in everyday family life typical- ly have many opportunities to participate in shared aspects of family social and cultural life, and yet we still know very little about siblings’ multimodal inter- actions when using digital media. Using video-record- ed data of everyday family interactions, this presen- tation investigates how siblings interact with each when engaged in digital gaming. Gaining access to family everyday life is a sensitive and delicate matter, particularly when the data collection approach goes beyond interviews and surveys to observe and video record actual practices as they unfold. Analysis drew on ethnomethodological and conversation analysis approaches to show in fine-grained detail the multi- modal actions that the siblings used to support each other’s game play. Ranging in age from 2 to 9 years of age, siblings at times were participants in a mutually shared digital activity; at other times, while engaged in their own digital activities, they intervened to of- fer support to their sibling. For instance, there were instances of siblings calling out for help, and receiv- ing solicited (or unsolicited) guidance through verbal and non-verbal means. As well, strategies of problem solving and collaboration were evident across these social interactions. The strategies used by the siblings are not unique to a family interactional context, as col- laboration and problem solving occur in other con- texts as well, including in classroom settings. Rather, we show that the support undertaken by children is not an age-related feature; routinely we saw younger siblings supporting older siblings. The informal inter- actions that occurred without adult presence offers rare insights into contemporary sibling life in the home. It may be that digital gaming is providing new opportunities for siblings to connect with each oth- er. Understanding siblings’ multimodal interactions in their digital worlds may help better understand the positive influences of siblings in learning new con- cepts and skills, and how they socially produce their relationship