120,435 research outputs found
Application of remote sensing data to surveys of the Alaskan environment
Coupling of satellite data to resource management problems in Alaska is implemented through feasibility studies of applicability of Landsat data to specific environmental surveys in ecology, agriculture, hydrology, wildlife management, oceanography, geology, etc.; and using the results of these studies to extend the benefits of satellite data applications to the operational needs of mission-oriented agencies of federal, state, and regional governments, as well as private industry. Activities designed to encourage the participation of users in the Landsat program at levels most appropriate to the users' interests are described and include: observation, coordination, and information exchange; training courses and workshops; data exchange; consulting services; data processing services; user participation in University research projects; and university participation in the operational projects of user agencies. Progress in these areas is reported. The effectiveness of this broad-based approach in overcoming the initial apprehensiveness of users is demonstrated
Application of remote sensing data to surveys of the Alaskan environment
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
Simulating Astro-H Observations of Sloshing Gas Motions in the Cores of Galaxy Clusters
Astro-H will be the first X-ray observatory to employ a high-resolution
microcalorimeter, capable of measuring the shift and width of individual
spectral lines to the precision necessary for estimating the velocity of the
diffuse plasma in galaxy clusters. This new capability is expected to bring
significant progress in understanding the dynamics, and therefore the physics,
of the intracluster medium. However, because this plasma is optically thin,
projection effects will be an important complicating factor in interpreting
future Astro-H measurements. To study these effects in detail, we performed an
analysis of the velocity field from simulations of a galaxy cluster
experiencing gas sloshing, and generated synthetic X-ray spectra, convolved
with model Astro-H Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) responses. We find that the
sloshing motions produce velocity signatures that will be observable by Astro-H
in nearby clusters: the shifting of the line centroid produced by the
fast-moving cold gas underneath the front surface, and line broadening produced
by the smooth variation of this motion along the line of sight. The line shapes
arising from inviscid or strongly viscous simulations are very similar,
indicating that placing constraints on the gas viscosity from these
measurements will be difficult. Our spectroscopic analysis demonstrates that,
for adequate exposures, Astro-H will be able to recover the first two moments
of the velocity distribution of these motions accurately, and in some cases
multiple velocity components may be discerned. The simulations also confirm the
importance of accurate treatment of PSF scattering in the interpretation of
Astro-H/SXS spectra of cluster plasmas.Comment: 27 pages, 20 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journa
Evaluation of hot corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings
Calcium silicate and yttria stabilized zirconia/MCrAlY thermal barrier coating systems on air-cooled specimens were exposed to sodium plus vanadium doped Mach 0.3 combustion gases. Thermal barrier coating endurance was determined to be a strong inverse function of ceramic coating thickness. Coating system durability was increased through the use of higher Cr + Al NiCrAl and CoCrAlY bond coatings. Chemical and electron microprobe analyses supported the predictions of condensate compositions and the determination of their roles in causing spalling of the ceramic coatings
Homogeneous CO Hydrogenation: Ligand Effects on the Lewis Acid-Assisted Reductive Coupling of Carbon Monoxide
Structure-function studies on the role of pendent Lewis acids in the reductive coupling of CO are reported. Cationic rhenium carbonyl complexes containing zero, one, or two phosphinoborane ligands (Ph_2P(CH_2)_nB(C_8H_(14)), n=1-3) react with the nucleophilic hydride [HPt(dmpe)_2]^+
to reduce [M-CO]^+ to M-CHO; this step is relatively insensitive to the Lewis acid, as both pendent
(internal) and external boranes of appropriate acid strength can be used. In contrast, whether a
second hydride transfer and C-C bond forming steps occur depends strongly on the number of carbon atoms between P and B in the phosphinoborane ligands, as well as the number of pendent acids in the complex: shorter linker chain lengths favor such reductive coupling, whereas longer
chains and external boranes are ineffective. A number of different species containing partially reduced CO groups, whose exact structures vary considerably with the nature and
number of phosphinoborane ligands, have been crystallographically characterized. The reaction of [(Ph -2P(CH_2)_2B(C_8H_(14)))_2Re(CO)4]^+ with [HPt(dmpe)_2]^+
takes place via a “hydride shuttle” mechanism, in which hydride is transferred from Pt to a pendent borane and thence to CO, rather than by direct hydride attack at CO. Addition of a second hydride in C_6D_5Cl at -40 ºC affords an unusual anionic bis(carbene) complex, which converts to a C-C bonded product on warming. These results support a working model for Lewis acid-assisted reductive coupling of CO, in which B (pendent or external) shuttles hydride from Pt to coordinated CO, followed by formation of an
intramolecular B-O bond, which facilitates reductive coupling
Hybrid Stars
Recently there have been important developments in the determination of
neutron star masses which put severe constraints on the composition and
equation of state (EOS) of the neutron star matter. Here we study the effect of
quark and nuclear matter mixed phase on mass radius relationship of neutron
stars employing recent models from two classes of EOS's and discuss their
implications.Comment: 3 pages LaTeX including 2 figures, macros included, Talk presented at
the IX International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology
(PASCOS'03), TIFR, Mumbai, India, January 3-8,2003. To appear in their
proceeding
Synchronized voltage contrast display analysis system
An apparatus and method for comparing internal voltage potentials of first and second operating electronic components such as large scale integrated circuits (LSI's) in which voltage differentials are visually identified via an appropriate display means are described. More particularly, in a first embodiment of the invention a first and second scanning electron microscope (SEM) are configured to scan a first and second operating electronic component respectively. The scan pattern of the second SEM is synchronized to that of the first SEM so that both simultaneously scan corresponding portions of the two operating electronic components. Video signals from each SEM corresponding to secondary electron signals generated as a result of a primary electron beam intersecting each operating electronic component in accordance with a predetermined scan pattern are provided to a video mixer and color encoder
Trialkylborane-Assisted CO_2 Reduction by Late Transition Metal Hydrides
Trialkylborane additives promote reduction of CO_2 to formate by bis(diphosphine) Ni(II) and Rh(III) hydride complexes. The late transition metal hydrides, which can be formed from dihydrogen, transfer hydride to CO_2 to give a formateborane adduct. The borane must be of appropriate Lewis acidity: weaker acids do not show significant hydride transfer enhancement, while stronger acids abstract hydride without CO_2 reduction. The mechanism likely involves a pre-equilibrium hydride transfer followed by formation of a stabilizing formateborane adduct
Homogeneous CO Hydrogenation: Dihydrogen Activation Involves a Frustrated Lewis Pair Instead of a Platinum Complex
During a search for conditions appropriate for Pt-catalyzed CO reduction using dihydrogen directly, metal-free conditions were discovered instead. A bulky, strong phosphazene base forms a “frustrated” Lewis pair (FLP) with a trialkylborane in the secondary coordination sphere of a rhenium carbonyl. Treatment of the FLP with dihydrogen cleanly affords multiple hydride transfers and C−C bond formation
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