5,402 research outputs found
Will Formailty, Judicial Formalism, and Legislative Reform: An Examinationof the Uniform Probate Code Harmless Error Rule and the Movement Toward Amorphism Part One: The Wills Act Formula, the Rite of Testation, and the Question of Intent: A Problem in Search of a Solution
Will Formailty, Judicial Formalism, and Legislative Reform: An Examinationof the Uniform Probate Code Harmless Error Rule and the Movement Toward Amorphism Part Two: Uniform Probate Code Sec. 2-503 and a Counterproposal
ENTROPY-BASED ESTIMATION AND INFERENCE IN BINARY RESPONSE MODELS UNDER ENDOGENEITY
This paper considers estimation and inference for the binary response model in the case where endogenous variables are included as arguments of the unknown link function. Semiparametric estimators are proposed that avoid the parametric assumptions underlying the likelihood approach as well as the loss of precision when using nonparametric estimation. Suggestions are made for how the utility maximization decision model can be altered to permit attributes to vary across alternatives.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
WASP-12b as a prolate, inflated and disrupting planet from tidal dissipation
The class of exotic Jupiter-mass planets that orbit very close to their
parent stars were not explicitly expected before their discovery. The recently
found transiting planet WASP-12b has a mass Mp = 1.4(+/-0.1) Jupiter masses
(MJ), a mean orbital distance of only 3.1 stellar radii (meaning it is subject
to intense tidal forces), and a period of 1.1 days. Its radius 1.79(+/- 0.09)
RJ is unexpectedly large and its orbital eccentricity 0.049(+/-0:015) is even
more surprising as such close orbits are in general quickly circularized. Here
we report an analysis of its properties, which reveals that the planet is
losing mass to its host star at a rate ~ 10^-7 MJ yr^-1. The planets surface is
distorted by the stars gravity and the light curve produced by its prolate
shape will differ by about ten per cent from that of a spherical planet. We
conclude that dissipation of the stars tidal perturbation in the planets
convective envelope provides the energy source for its large volume. We predict
up to 10mJy CO band-head (2.292 micron) emission from a tenuous disk around the
host star, made up of tidally stripped planetary gas. It may also contain a
detectable resonant super-Earth, as a hypothetical perturber that continually
stirs up WASP-12b's eccentricity.Comment: Accepted to Nature, 14 pages, 1 figur
Field measurements of the fluid and sediment-dynamic environment of a benthic deposit feeder
Field measurements of flow and sediment transport at an intertidal site in False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington, U.S.A., revealed an environment dominated by wind wave-generated oscillatory flows and discrete sediment suspension events. Time series data showed that within a few tenths of a second, near-bottom suspended sediment concentrations can rise to 10 g l–1. These rapid erosion events are correlated with peak wave velocities and are followed by a more gradual (tens of seconds) decline in sediment concentration due to settling and advection. Large suspension events mixed detect able quantities of sediment to a height of 20 cm above the bottom. Flow and sediment transport rates are controlled by local weather and vary on time scales ranging from that of individual waves to that of atmospheric storm systems and seasonal changes in weather patterns. Advection of sediment can exceed individual deposit feeding rates by a factor of 103–104. An empirical relationship developed from weather records, together with previously published observations of detrital transport, suggests that sediment transport is rarely small enough in magnitude to be ignored as a source of food particles for surface deposit- and suspension-feeding spionid polychaetes like Pseudopolydora kempi japonica.
Growth of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
We present results of numerical simulations of sequences of binary-single
scattering events of black holes in dense stellar environments. The simulations
cover a wide range of mass ratios from equal mass objects to 1000:10:10 solar
masses and compare purely Newtonian simulations to simulations in which
Newtonian encounters are interspersed with gravitational wave emission from the
binary. In both cases, the sequence is terminated when the binary's merger time
due to gravitational radiation is less than the arrival time of the next
interloper. We find that black hole binaries typically merge with a very high
eccentricity (0.93 < e < 0.95 pure Newtonian; 0.85 < e < 0.90 with
gravitational wave emission) and that adding gravitational wave emission
decreases the time to harden a binary until merger by ~ 30% to 40%. We discuss
the implications of this work for the formation of intermediate-mass black
holes and gravitational wave detection.Comment: 28 pages including 9 figures, submitted to Ap
Fluid flow and suspended particulates as determinants of polychaete feeding behavior
We examined the interactive effects of fluid flow, bed characteristics and suspended load on the feeding behavior of four species of marine polychaetes. Two species of obligate deposit feeders (Marenzelleria viridis and Ampharete parvidentata) and two species of palp-coiling facultative suspension feeders (Spiochaetopterus oculatus and Spio setosa) were exposed to flow and sediment-bed treatments that served to decouple fluid flow and particle flux. We employed low (no particle transport), medium (transport of flocs only) and high (transport of sand) flow speeds in factorial treatments of natural sediment, winnowed bed (flocs removed), armored bed (no sand transport at high flows), and armored bed plus fines (flocs added). For each species, worms were exposed to an increasing (low, medium and high) and then decreasing (high, medium and low) flow leg for each bed treatment. We recorded visual observations of animal behavior of the four polychaete species. We found little systematic response to flow and bed differences in the two obligate deposit feeders. When fine material was present, one of the two species exhibited higher variability in time spent deposit feeding, possibly responding to small-scale depositional pockets enriched with fine particles and organic matter. For both facultative suspension feeders, there was an increase in time spent suspension feeding with increasing flow and suspended particle concentrations. Percent suspension feeding was also greater on the decreasing flow legs in treatments with fine material available for suspension. Exploratory analyses of the data reveal a direct relationship between time spent suspension feeding and the flux of suspended high quality organic matter. For both species, compositional parameters of particulate nitrogen and enzymatically available amino acid concentrations were the best correlates of suspension feeding behavior
Three-Body Dynamics with Gravitational Wave Emission
We present numerical three-body experiments that include the effects of
gravitational radiation reaction by using equations of motion that include the
2.5-order post-Newtonian force terms, which are the leading order terms of
energy loss from gravitational waves. We simulate binary-single interactions
and show that close approach cross sections for three 1 solar mass objects are
unchanged from the purely Newtonian dynamics except for close approaches
smaller than 1.0e-5 times the initial semimajor axis of the binary. We also
present cross sections for mergers resulting from gravitational radiation
during three-body encounters for a range of binary semimajor axes and mass
ratios including those of interest for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs).
Building on previous work, we simulate sequences of high-mass-ratio three-body
encounters that include the effects of gravitational radiation. The simulations
show that the binaries merge with extremely high eccentricity such that when
the gravitational waves are detectable by LISA, most of the binaries will have
eccentricities e > 0.9 though all will have circularized by the time they are
detectable by LIGO. We also investigate the implications for the formation and
growth of IMBHs and find that the inclusion of gravitational waves during the
encounter results in roughly half as many black holes ejected from the host
cluster for each black hole accreted onto the growing IMBH.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, minor corrections to match version accepted by
Ap
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