Application of the Monopole Source to Quantify Explosive Flux During Vulcanian Explosions at Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)

A primary goal in volcano seismology is to characterize source motions internal to a volcano in terms of their representative forces. In a similar manner, much volcano infrasound research strives to recover eruptive force time histories corresponding to material accelerations occurring at Earth’s free surface. These motions may correspond to explosive emission of gas and pyroclasts (e.g., Banister, 1984), rapid ground distensions of a volcanic dome (e.g., Johnson and Lees, 2010), and/or gravity driven rock fall or pyroclastic flows (e.g., Yamasato, 1997). When free surface motion is unsteady it imposes stresses upon the surrounding atmosphere, which are propagated as acoustic airwaves. Typically, the sounds produced by volcanic phenomena are recorded with low-frequency infrasound sensitive microphones. The intervening atmosphere is relatively homogeneous and nonattenuating for infrasound propagation of a few kilometers, therefore the recorded excess pressures closely represent volcano source time functions. Such force time histories are equivalent to volumetric accelerations of the atmosphere at or near to the source

The great American garage

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references.How does one explore the suburban home? Go in through the garage, of course. Sales, bands, suicides, and business startups: The suburban garage is the most culturally flexible space in the entire American domestic environment. In this flexibility, it stands opposed to many of the established notions of suburban domestic context. It is illustrative of the displayed, hidden, and forgotten wonders of the American home. Within the context of this thesis, established interpretations of the garage program are used in the form of metaphor and hyperbole to create differing typologies of the American home. The metaphors themselves have developed out of a very dense genealogy of American suburban histories and trajectories. They have a real history, just as they occupy a very real extant condition of the suburban context. The new suburban house typologies march toward the space of the surreal via the narratives that accompany each of them, allowing for an exploration into the existing domestic condition as well as a feverish and jocular critique of some of the norms of suburban life. The attempt of the research is to take on the exploration of American suburbia, using the very stereotypes and cliches that have come to define it.by B. Alex Miller.M.Arch

Correlates of attendance in mental health services for individuals with psychotic disorders: A critical review

Low attendance to mental health care results in loss of time, money, and treatment gains. No prior review in this area has taken into account the quality of studies or varying definitions of attendance. The current review provides a critical evaluation of variables associated with attendance in consumers with psychotic symptoms participating in outpatient mental health services, with a focus on study quality and operationalization of attendance. EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for empirical articles relevant to attendance to mental health services by individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Eligible articles were rated for quality by two coauthors; high-quality articles were reviewed in-depth. Twenty-eight articles were eligible; 11 articles qualified for in-depth review. Four attendance outcome types were identified, including the prediction of dropout, time engaged, categorical attendance, and continuous attendance. Ongoing substance use during treatment was consistently associated with lower attendance in high-quality articles. More high-quality research using systematically defined outcome types is needed to identify reliable associations with attendance. Commonly tested variables such as demographics show little utility in predicting attendance. Future research in this area should expand upon current findings focusing on clinically and theoretically relevant variables

Characteristics of Ten Tropical Hardwoods from Certified Forests in Bolivia. Part II. Natural Durability to Decay Fungi

The natural durability of 10 lesser known, commercially available Bolivian hardwoods to decay fungi was evaluated using a modified ASTM soil-block analysis for 12 weeks. The blocks were then retested for an additional 12 weeks to determine their level of decay resistance, as determined by percentage of weight loss. Astronium urundeuva, Caesalpinia cf. pluviosa, Schinopsis quebrachocolorado, and Tabebuia sp. (Iapacho group) were found to be highly resistant to decay; Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera colubrina (syn: A. macrocarpa), Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon, Diplotropis purpurea, and Guibourtia chodatiana, resistant to decay; and Phyllostylon rhamnoides, moderately resistant to decay. We conclude that an extended soil-bottle test is an effective tool for assessing the level of natural durability of these and other tropical species

Individual differences in teleporting through virtual environments: A latent profile analysis

Teleportation in virtual reality (VR) affords the ability to explore beyond the physical space. Previous work has demonstrated that this interface comes at a spatial cognitive cost – though, upon closer inspection, not everyone appears similarly affected. A latent profile analysis identified three groups that significantly differed on spatial updating performance and follow-up analyses showed significant differences in objective measures of spatial ability (e.g., mental rotation and perspective-taking). These results suggest that there are individual differences in domains of spatial cognition that are related to how well a user may keep track of his or her location while teleporting in VR

E-Type Delayed Fluorescence of a Phosphine-Supported Cu_2(μ-NAr_2)_2 Diamond Core: Harvesting Singlet and Triplet Excitons in OLEDs

A highly emissive bis(phosphine)diarylamido dinuclear copper(I) complex (quantum yield = 57%) was shown to exhibit E-type delayed fluorescence by variable temperature emission spectroscopy and photoluminescence decay measurement of doped vapor-deposited films. The lowest energy singlet and triplet excited states were assigned as charge transfer states on the basis of theoretical calculations and the small observed S_1−T_1 energy gap. Vapor-deposited OLEDs doped with the complex in the emissive layer gave a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.1%, demonstrating that triplet excitons can be harvested very efficiently through the delayed fluorescence channel. The function of the emissive dopant in OLEDs was further probed by several physical methods, including electrically detected EPR, cyclic voltammetry, and photoluminescence in the presence of applied current

Quark Coulomb Interactions and the Mass Difference of Mirror Nuclei

We study the Okamoto-Nolen-Schiffer (ONS) anomaly in the binding energy of mirror nuclei at high density by adding a single neutron or proton to a quark gluon plasma. In this high-density limit we find an anomaly equal to two-thirds of the Coulomb exchange energy of a proton. This effect is dominated by quark electromagnetic interactions---rather than by the up-down quark mass difference. At normal density we calculate the Coulomb energy of neutron matter using a string-flip quark model. We find a nonzero Coulomb energy because of the neutron's charged constituents. This effect could make a significant contribution to the ONS anomaly.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figs. sub. to Phys. Rev. Let

New calculations of the PNC Matrix Element for the JπTJ^{\pi}T 0+1,0−1^{+}1,0^{-}1 doublet in 14^{14}N

A new calculation of the predominantly isoscalar PNC matrix element between the $J^{\pi}T$ $0^{+}1,0^{-}1$ (E$_{x} \approx$ 8.7 MeV) states in $^{14}$N has been carried out in a (0+1+2+3+4)$\hbar \omega$ model space with the Warburton-Brown interaction. The magnitude of the PNC matrix element of 0.22 to 0.34 eV obtained with the DDH PNC interaction is substantially suppressed compared with previous calculations in smaller model spaces but shows agreement with the preliminary Seattle experimental data. The calculated sign is opposite to that obtained experimentally, and the implications of this are discussed.Comment: REVTEX, 28 page