The Current State of Performance Appraisal Research and Practice: Concerns, Directions, and Implications

On the surface, it is not readily apparent how some performance appraisal research issues inform performance appraisal practice. Because performance appraisal is an applied topic, it is useful to periodically consider the current state of performance research and its relation to performance appraisal practice. This review examines the performance appraisal literature published in both academic and practitioner outlets between 1985 and 1990, briefly discusses the current state of performance appraisal practice, highlights the juxtaposition of research and practice, and suggests directions for further research

Signaling in Secret: Pay-for-Performance and the Incentive and Sorting Effects of Pay Secrecy

Key Findings: Pay secrecy adversely impacts individual task performance because it weakens the perception that an increase in performance will be accompanied by increase in pay; Pay secrecy is associated with a decrease in employee performance and retention in pay-for-performance systems, which measure performance using relative (i.e., peer-ranked) criteria rather than an absolute scale (see Figure 2 on page 5); High performing employees tend to be most sensitive to negative pay-for- performance perceptions; There are many signals embedded within HR policies and practices, which can influence employees’ perception of workplace uncertainty/inequity and impact their performance and turnover intentions; and When pay transparency is impractical, organizations may benefit from introducing partial pay openness to mitigate these effects on employee performance and retention

Lump-Sum Bonus Satisfaction: Testing the Construct Validity of a New Pay Satisfaction Dimension

There are both practical and theoretical reasons to measure lump-sum bonus satisfaction. The practical need for such a measure stems from its increased use as a component in modern compensation practices. Based on the means of administering and allocating lump-sum bonuses, a theoretical case can be built suggesting that lump-sum bonus satisfaction constitutes a separate component of pay satisfaction fitting into the Pay Satisfaction Questionaire\u27s (PSQ) theoretical framework. We develop 4 questions that complement the PSQ, and use a series of techniques to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure. Empirical evidence shows that bonus-related items are more related to the lump-sum bonus satisfaction measure than other PSQ dimensions. We also demonstrate that the dimension of lump-sum bonus satisfaction has a substantive relationship with attitudinal variables beyond that provided by pay level variables and the PSQ. The development of this measure should foster greater accuracy when assessing pay satisfaction levels and the effects of lump-sum bonus pay policies

Формалізація задачі та математична модель системи контролю адекватності управління наземними рухомими об’єктами

The article reveals state of the artillery fire weapons of direct supporting fire of mechanized, airmobile, mountain infantry and marine units of the world leading armies in order to use their experience for creation of advanced artillery systems for the Ukrainian Army.Рассмотрено формализацию работы микропроцессорной системы контроля адекватности управления наземными движущимися объектами (СКАУ НДО) механиком-водителем. Создано математическую модель функционирования СКАУ НДО.Розглянуто формалізацію роботи мікропроцесорної системи контролю адекватності управління наземними рухомими об’єктами (СКАУ НРО) механіком-водієм. Створено математичну модель функціонування СКАУ НРО

Аналіз світових тенденцій розвитку систем контролю адекватності управління наземною рухомою військовою технікою

In the paper the problem of creation of a microprocessor system controlling adequacy of ground mobile military vehicles operation by a driver is considered, the analysis of trends and methods for its solution is shown.В работе рассмотрена задача создания микропроцессорной системы контроля адекватности управления наземной подвижной военной техникой механиком-водителем, проведен анализ направлений и методов ее решения.У роботі розглянуто задачу створення мікропроцесорної системи контролю адекватності управління наземною рухомою військовою технікою механіком-водієм, проведено аналіз напрямів та методів її вирішення

Dissecting the T Cell Response: Proliferation Assays vs. Cytokine Signatures by ELISPOT

Chronic allograft rejection is in part mediated by host T cells that recognize allogeneic antigens on transplanted tissue. One factor that determines the outcome of a T cell response is clonal size, while another is the effector quality. Studies of alloimmune predictors of transplant graft survival have most commonly focused on only one measure of the alloimmune response. Because differing qualities and frequencies of the allospecific T cell response may provide distinctly different information we analyzed the relationship between frequency of soluble antigen and allo-antigen specific memory IFN-g secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells, their ability to secrete IL-2, and their proliferative capacity, while accounting for cognate and bystander proliferation. The results show proliferative responses primarily reflect on IL-2 production by antigen-specific T cells, and that proliferating cells in such assays entail a considerable fraction of bystander cells. On the other hand, proliferation (and IL-2 production) did not reflect on the frequency of IFN-γ producing memory cells, a finding particularly accentuated in the CD8 T cell compartment. These data provide rationale for considering both frequency and effector function of pre-transplant T cell reactivity when analyzing immune predictors of graft rejection