Planning, implementation and evaluation of the project ‘school of entrepreneurial competitiveness in the labor market for secondary grammar school students’

School of Entrepreneurial Competitiveness in the Labor Market for Secondary Grammar School Students, a project financed by the European Union, was created and carried out by First Grammar School from Zagreb. Its main aim was to encourage the development of basic entrepreneurial competencies in secondary grammar school students. Twenty- eight students, participated in a three-month entrepreneurship education program (120 teaching hours). With the main aim of establishing the empirical effects of this education, research was carried out at two points in time - before and after its completion. The measurement included the following variables: desirability of entrepreneurship (DE), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial inclinations (EI), entrepreneurial intentions (EINT) and objective level of entrepreneurial knowledge (EK). Twenty- eight additional students (a control group) of the same gender and age structure were also tested. Research has shown some significant positive effects of the entrepreneurship education, as well as some ‘counter-effects’, that are further discussed in the following text

Construction and Validation of Entrepreneurial Predisposition Questionnaire

Na temelju postojećih upitnika i nalaza iz literature, konstruiran je novi Upitnik poduzetničkih sklonosti (UPS), prvi takve vrste na hrvatskom jeziku. Skale na kojima upitnik teoretski počiva, kao i većina njegovih tvrdnji, preuzete su iz Testa općih poduzetničkih sklonosti (General Enterprising Tendency Test, Caird, 1988) i Kohova upitnika (Koh, 1996). To su skale – "potreba za postignućem", "potreba za neovisnošću", "tolerancija na neizvjesnost", "inovativnost", "spremnost na preuzimanje rizika", "lokus kontrole" i "samopouzdanje". Preliminarna je verzija upitnika s 91 tvrdnjom primijenjena na uzorku studenata, a na osnovu analize čestica odabrano je 69 tvrdnji za daljnju upotrebu. Upitnik je potom primijenjen na parovima poduzetnika i nepoduzetnika, ekvivalentima po kriterijima spola, dobi i stručne spreme. Postupkom t-testa utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između skupina ispitanika na prosječnom rezultatu UPS-a, čime je ovaj upitnik dobio potvrdu konstruktne valjanosti. Značajna je i point-biserijalna korelacija između varijabli poduzetničko iskustvo (dihotomija: poduzetnik-nepoduzetnik) i prosječan uradak na UPS-u. Cronbachov alpha ukazuje na visoku unutarnju pouzdanost. Na rezultatima je provedena i faktorska analiza, metoda glavnih komponenti, s Oblimin rotacijom. Odabrana su 3 faktora, interpretirana kao - "Prihvaćanje rizika i nekonvencionalnost", "Usmjerenost na postignuće" i "Povjerenje u svoje mogućnosti". Usporedbom je faktorskih rezultata utvrđeno da poduzetnici postižu značajno više rezultate na sva tri faktora.Based on existing questionnaires, and formal empirical results, a new Entrepreneurial Predisposition Questionnaire was constructed, the first of its kind in the Croatian language. The scales which were used along with approximately half of its items were the same as the ones used in the well-known General Enterprising Tendency Test (Caird, 88a) and Koh’s questionnaire (Koh, 1996.). These were - need for achievement, need for autonomy, ambiguity tolerance, innovativeness, risk taking, locus of control, and self-confidence. The preliminary version with 91 items was tested on students and based on item analysis results, 69 items were kept for further usage. The questionnaire was then used on pairs of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, corresponding in gender, age and education level. Independent samples of t-test differences between groups on average questionnaire results proved to be statistically significant, thus making an important contribution to the questionnaire’s construct validity. Point-biserial correlation between variables’ entrepreneurial experience (entrepreneur or non-entrepreneur) and average questionnaire result was also significant. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient shows high internal reliability. Factor analysis - principal component method with Oblimin rotation was also performed. 3 factors were chosen, interpreted as – “Risk acceptance and unconventionality”, “Achievement tendency” and “Self-confidence”. The group of entrepreneurs has significantly higher scores on each factor’s results

Developing Entrepreneurial Competences in the System of Lifelong Learning

Poduzetnički način doživljavanja i ponašanja razvija se kako u neformalnom obiteljskom, tako i u formalnom, školskom okružju. Škola daje okvir za stjecanje prvih radnih navika, stavova o radu pa i radnih iskustava, što postaje temelj za kasniju karijernu orijentaciju. Razvoj poduzetničkih kompetencija moguće je i potrebno uključiti u odgojnoobrazovni sustav od samog početka, tj. od predškolske razine. Poduzetništvo i poduzetnost najbolje se uče kroz osobno iskustvo, ali i učenjem po modelu. Uz to je bitna socijalna podrška, kako škole i obitelji tako i društva u cjelini. Poduzetnicima postaju oni učenici/studenti koji razviju poduzetničku samoefikasnost.The entrepreneurial way of experiencing and acting develops both in the informal family environment and in the formal school environment. School provides a framework for the acquisition of the first working habits, attitudes towards work and work experiences, which lay the foundation for a later career orientation. It is possible and necessary to include the development of entrepreneurial competences into the system of education from the very beginning, in other words, from pre-school education. Entrepreneurship and enterprise are best learned through personal experiences and by modelling. In all this, social support coming from both school and family and from society as a whole is essential. Those students who manage to develop entrepreneurial self-efficacy become entrepreneurs

Cyber psychology - Overview of key research areas and findings

Od njezinog prvog službenog spominjanja (sredinom 90-ih godina) do danas Cyber se psihologija prometnula u jedno od najpropulzivnijih istraživačkih područja psihologije. Iako se konceptualno naslanja na psihologiju medija, te čini svojevrsnu njezinu ekstenziju, specifičnosti interakcije ljudi s novim tehnologijama stvorile su potrebu za novim teorijskim okvirima i istraživanjima. U ovom preglednom radu detaljnije su prikazana najčešće istraživana područja, ujedno i manje zastupljena u domaćoj literaturi. To su područja motiva i obrazaca korištenja novih tehnologija kod različitih korisnika, karakteristika kompjutorski posredovane komunikacije, stvaranja online identiteta i online samorazotkrivanja, te povezanosti korištenja tehnologija s dobrobiti. Iako su ponegdje zamjetni proturječni empirijski nalazi, sve veći broj metaanaliza polako pomaže uspostavi općih zaključaka, sugerirajući pritom iznimnu kompleksnost pitanja utjecaja novih tehnologija na ponašanje i doživljavanje pojedinca.From its first official mention (in the mid-90s) to the present day, Cyber psychology has emerged as one of the most propulsive research areas of psychology. Although it conceptually relies on the psychology of the media, and is somewise its extension, the specifics of human interaction with new technologies have created the need for new theoretical frameworks and empirical research. This review paper presents in more detail the most frequently researched areas, which are also less represented in the Croatian literature. These are the areas of motives and patterns of using new technologies among users with different characteristics, the specifics of computer mediated communication, the creation of online identity and online self-disclosure, and the relation between the use of technology and well-being. Although sometimes contradictory empirical findings are noticeable, an increasing number of meta-analyses slowly help to establish general conclusions, at the same time suggesting the exceptional complexity of the issue of the new technology influence on the mind and behavior of the individual

Developing Entrepreneurial Competences in the System of Lifelong Learning

Poduzetnički način doživljavanja i ponašanja razvija se kako u neformalnom obiteljskom, tako i u formalnom, školskom okružju. Škola daje okvir za stjecanje prvih radnih navika, stavova o radu pa i radnih iskustava, što postaje temelj za kasniju karijernu orijentaciju. Razvoj poduzetničkih kompetencija moguće je i potrebno uključiti u odgojnoobrazovni sustav od samog početka, tj. od predškolske razine. Poduzetništvo i poduzetnost najbolje se uče kroz osobno iskustvo, ali i učenjem po modelu. Uz to je bitna socijalna podrška, kako škole i obitelji tako i društva u cjelini. Poduzetnicima postaju oni učenici/studenti koji razviju poduzetničku samoefikasnost.The entrepreneurial way of experiencing and acting develops both in the informal family environment and in the formal school environment. School provides a framework for the acquisition of the first working habits, attitudes towards work and work experiences, which lay the foundation for a later career orientation. It is possible and necessary to include the development of entrepreneurial competences into the system of education from the very beginning, in other words, from pre-school education. Entrepreneurship and enterprise are best learned through personal experiences and by modelling. In all this, social support coming from both school and family and from society as a whole is essential. Those students who manage to develop entrepreneurial self-efficacy become entrepreneurs

Verifying the model of predicting entrepreneurial intention among students of business and non-business orientation

This study aims to verify whether certain entrepreneurial characteristics, like entrepreneurial potential and entrepreneurial propensity, affect the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and desirability of entrepreneurship, and further have direct and indirect effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, this study seeks to compare the strength of the relationship between these variables among groups of students who receive some entrepreneurship education and students outside the business sphere. Data was collected from a sample of undergraduate students of business and non-business orientation and analyzed with multi-group analysis within SEM. Results of the multi-group analysis indicate that indeed, the strength of the relationship among tested variables is more pronounced when it comes to business students. That is, mediating effect of perceived entrepreneurial self-efficacy and desirability of entrepreneurship in the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and intent, is significantly stronger for the business-oriented groups, in comparison to non-business orientation group. The amount of explained variance of all constructs (except entrepreneurial propensity) is also larger in business students in comparison to non-business students. Educational implications of obtained results are discussed

Zadovoljstvo poslom kod nastavnika privatnog i javnog visokog učilišta

U radu je ispitana percepcija važnosti i zadovoljstvo s različitim aspektima posla kod visokoškolskih nastavnika iz privatne i javne ustanove. Primijenjene su dvije mjere zadovoljstva poslom, jedna temeljena na globalnom, druga na analitičkom pristupu. Na prvom upitniku nastavnici ukupno najvažnijim procjenjuju zanimljivost posla, s kojom su i najzadovoljniji. Najmanje važnim vide mogućnost odlučivanja, s čime su i najmanje zadovoljni. Na drugom upitniku, najveće zadovoljstvo iskazano je samim poslom, a najmanje plaćom. Među nastavnicima dvije ustanove generalno je više sličnosti nego razlika, no na prvom upitniku pronađene su razlike u procjeni važnosti radnih uvjeta (važnije u javnom sektoru) i u procjeni zadovoljstva s kolegama (zadovoljniji u privatnom sektoru). Nalazi potvrđuju hipoteze o važnosti i zadovoljstvu intrinzičnih faktora zadovoljstva poslom kod visokoškolskih nastavnika

Análisis de los motivos de superposters para participar en las discusiones en los foros en línea

The main aim of this study was to identify factors which motivate daily participation of extremely active online forum members. An extensive online questionnaire was constructed and sent to the Forum.hr members with more than 8,000 posts. The final sample consisted of 112 respondents. Principal components analysis provided an interpretable three components solution, explaining 54.6% of the item variance. The components were labelled as self-esteem, information exchange, and confrontation. Some significant differences were also found among motivational subscales and variables of gender, age, and the intensity of forum activity. Results are discussed in relation to previous research.Glavni je cilj ovoga istraživanja bio utvrditi motive sudjelovanja u internetskim (online) forumskim diskusijama iznimno aktivnih sudionika (tzv. superpostera). Za te je svrhe konstruiran opsežan internetski upitnik poslan članovima portala Forum.hr koji imaju više od 8000 objava. Konačan se uzorak sastoji od 112 sudionika. Analizom je glavnih komponenti dobiveno trokomponentno rješenje, koje objašnjava 54.6% varijance. Komponente su interpretirane kao samopoštovanje, razmjena informacija i konfrontacija. Nadalje, značajne su razlike u motivima sudjelovanja utvrđene između sudionika različitoga spola, dobi i stupnja forumske aktivnosti. Rezultati su interpretirani u svjetlu prijašnjih istraživanja.El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue identificar factores que motivan a los miembros extremadamente activos en los foros en línea para su participación diaria. Se construyó un cuestionario extensivo y éste fue enviado a los miembros de Forum.hr que tienen más de 8.000 posts. La muestra final consta de 112 miembros que respondieron. Análisis de componentes principales ha proporcionado una solución interpretable de tres componentes, explicando el 54.6% de la varianza. Las componentes eran autoestima, intercambio de informaciones y confrontación. Se encontraron algunas diferencias significativas también en las subescalas motivacionales y las variables de género, edad e intensidad de la actividad en el foro. Los resultados se discuten en relación con la investigación previa

FEAR OR PASSION? PREDICTORS OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND FOREIGN TRAVEL INTENTIONS IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS

Posljednje dvije godine pandemija koronavirusa nametnula je brojne prepreke uobičajenim načinima turističkih putovanja. Jenjavanjem pandemije uklonjen je dio objektivnih restrikcija, no u mnogih je pojedinaca i dalje prisutan strah, u literaturi poznat pod nazivima poput „pandemijska/COVID putna anksioznost/strah/fobija“. U ovom je radu temeljno istraživačko pitanje ispitati prediktore pandemijske putne anksioznosti, njezine veze s ponašanjem domaćih turista tijekom pandemije i s namjerama budućih turističkih putovanja. Kao polazišni konceptualni model korištena je Teorija planiranog ponašanja. Metodom analize traga testiran je osnovni i nekoliko alternativnih modela, na uzorku od 1102 hrvatskih turista. Rezultati su pokazali značajne glavne efekte, pri čemu su varijable modela objasnile 23 % putnog ponašanja tijekom pandemije, te 20 % namjera inozemnih putovanja. Kako je pandemija COVID-19 još uvijek aktualna, a u međuvremenu su se pojavile i nove globalne ugroze (poput rata i ekonomske krize), istraživanje putne anksioznosti ostaje relevantna tema istraživačima i praktičarima na području turizma.Over the past two years, the coronavirus pandemic has imposed numerous obstacles to the usual mode of tourist travel. With the abatement of the pandemic, some of the objective restrictions have been removed, but the fear is still present in many people and is known in the literature by terms such as pandemic/COVID travel anxiety/fear/phobia. In this paper, the fundamental research question was to examine the predictors of pandemic travel anxiety and its relationship with the behavior of domestic tourists during the pandemic, as well as with the intentions of future tourist trips. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as the starting conceptual model. Using the path analysis method, the basic and several alternative models were tested on a sample of 1102 Croatian tourists. The results showed significant main effects, whereby variable models explained 23% of travel behavior during the pandemic, and 20% of foreign travel intentions. As the COVID-19 pandemic is still present, and new global threats have emerged in the meantime (such as war and economic crisis), research on travel anxiety remains a relevant topic for researchers and practitioners in the field of tourism

Studentska percepcija nastave na daljinu na primjeru Sveučilišta VERN\u27

Pandemija koronavirusa nametnula je nagle promjene u načinu održavanja nastave, s kontaktne na nastavu na daljinu, na svim razinama obrazovanja. Pitanje zadovoljstva nastavom kod studenata posebno je relevantno privatnim obrazovnim ustanovama, koje se temeljno financiraju iz školarina. U ovom radu ispitana je percepcija različitih aspekata nastave na daljinu kod studenata Sveučilišta VERN\u27 te njihovo zadovoljstvo takvim oblikom nastave i polaganjem ispita. U tu svrhu provedeno je anonimno elektroničko anketiranje na uzorku od 241 studenta preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija. Rezultati su pokazali da su studenti općenito vrlo zadovoljni održanom nastavom te u njoj vide brojne prednosti, ali i neke nedostatke. Također, usporedba rezultata redovnih i izvanrednih studenata pokazala je da izvanrednim studentima ovakav oblik nastave u značajno većoj mjeri odgovara