9 research outputs found
An expert-curated global database of online newspaper articles on spiders and spider bites
Mass media plays an important role in the construction and circulation of risk perception associated with animals. Widely feared groups such as spiders frequently end up in the spotlight of traditional and social media. We compiled an expert-curated global database on the online newspaper coverage of human-spider encounters over the past ten years (2010–2020). This database includes information about the location of each human-spider encounter reported in the news article and a quantitative characterisation of the content—location, presence of photographs of spiders and bites, number and type of errors, consultation of experts, and a subjective assessment of sensationalism. In total, we collected 5348 unique news articles from 81 countries in 40 languages. The database refers to 211 identified and unidentified spider species and 2644 unique human-spider encounters (1121 bites and 147 as deadly bites). To facilitate data reuse, we explain the main caveats that need to be made when analysing this database and discuss research ideas and questions that can be explored with it. </p
The global spread of misinformation on spiders
In the internet era, the digital architecture that keeps us connected and informed may also amplify the spread of misinformation. This problem is gaining global attention, as evidence accumulates that misinformation may interfere with democratic processes and undermine collective responses to environmental and health crises. In an increasingly polluted information ecosystem, understanding the factors underlying the generation and spread of misinformation is becoming a pressing scientific and societal challenge. Here, we studied the global spread of (mis-)information on spiders using a high-resolution global database of online newspaper articles on spider–human interactions, covering stories of spider–human encounters and biting events published from 2010–2020. We found that 47% of articles contained errors and 43% were sensationalist. Moreover, we show that the flow of spider-related news occurs within a highly interconnected global network and provide evidence that sensationalism is a key factor underlying the spread of misinformation. </p
Prediction of current species distribution of Cheilosia proxima group (Diptera: Syrphidae) on the Balkan peninsula
Predicting species distribution in different climates is most often made by
climate models (“climate envelope models” - CEM) which are using the current
geographical distribution of species and climate characteristics of the area.
Hoverflies (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) can act as bioindicators and
monitors of climate change and habitat quality. Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 is one
of the largest hoverflies genera, with about 450 described species. The aim
of this study was to model the current potential distribution of six species
from Cheilosia proxima group on the Balkan Peninsula (Cheilosia aerea Dufour,
1848, C. balkana Vujić, 1994, C. gigantea Zetterstedt, 1838, C. pascuorum
Becker, 1894, C. proxima Zetterstedt, 1843 and C. rufimana Becker, 1894)
using maximum entropy modeling (Maxent). It is observed that parameters with
highest influence on the analyzed species are Altitude and BIO 15
(Precipitation Seasonality) for all species, except C. rufimana. Parameter
that also substantially influenced for all species, except C. pascuorum, is
BIO 18 (Precipitation of Warmest Quarter). The models of current distribution
have shown that the most important area of the Balkan Peninsula, for species
from Cheilosia proxima group, is Dinaric mountains. Information obtained in
this paper can help in future monitoring of species, as well as for the
conservation measures, especially for endemics and rare species. [Projekat
Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173002 i br. 43002
Environmental analysis of conservationally significant Eumerus and Platycheirus species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Serbia
Due to raising environmental pressures, the number of species exposed to risk
of extinction is also increasing. One of the first steps in species
preservation is their legal protection. However, it is impossible to protect
all species, therefore, conservation priorities are to be established. The
aim of this study was to analyze the environmental niches of species from two
genera: Eumerus Meigen, 1822 and Platycheirus le Peletier et Serville, 1828
recognized as important for conservation in Serbia (strictly protected and
protected according to national legislation or ones to be suggested for
future protection). For species of genera Eumerus and Platycheirus,
distributional patterns in relation to altitude, annual precipitation and
annual mean temperature were established. In order to compare environmental
niches of these species, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out,
which indicated partial overlap of the environmental niches of these two
genera, but Platycheirus species seemed to be better adapted to harsher
conditions. Species richness maps indicated that for Eumerus the most
species-rich areas were Bačka and mountains of Eastern Serbia, while Dinaric
mountains in Western Serbia were rich in species of both genera. Protecting
habitats with different combination of climatic conditions will contribute to
protection and conservation of species with different environmental
preferences. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and
Technological Development, Grant no. OI173002 and Grant no. III43002
Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis : challenges and strategies for implementing guideline‐directed medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) has the potential to reduce the risks of mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, real-world data indicate that many patients with HFrEF do not receive optimised GDMT, which involves several different medications, many of which require up-titration to target doses. There are many challenges to implementing GDMT, the most important being patient-related factors (comorbidities, advanced age, frailty, cognitive impairment, poor adherence, low socioeconomic status), treatment-related factors (intolerance, side-effects) and healthcare-related factors that influence availability and accessibility of HF care. Accordingly, international disparities in resources for HF management and limited public reimbursement of GDMT, coupled with clinical inertia for treatment intensification combine to hinder efforts to provide GDMT. In this review paper, authors aim to provide solutions based on available evidence, practical experience, and expert consensus on how to utilise evolving strategies, novel medications, and patient profiling to allow the more comprehensive uptake of GDMT. Authors discuss professional education, motivation, and training, as well as patient empowerment for self-care as important tools to overcome clinical inertia and boost GDMT implementation. We provide evidence on how multidisciplinary care and institutional accreditation can be successfully used to increase prescription rates and adherence to GDMT. We consider the role of modern technologies in advancing professional and patient education and facilitating patient–provider communication. Finally, authors emphasise the role of novel drugs (especially sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors), and a tailored approach to drug management as evolving strategies for the more successful implementation of GDMT
Atrial disease and heart failure: the common soil hypothesis proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Atrial disease and heart failure:the common soil hypothesis proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
A proposed conceptual framework for understanding atrial disease. Subclinical atrial disease develops under the effect of stressors such as aging, cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases, and genetic predisposition that activate pathogenic mechanisms, such as inflammation, endothelial and microvascular dysfunction, fibrosis, hypercoagulability and atrial stretch that in turn affect the atrial myocardium. Subclinical atrial disease is characterized by structural, electrical and functional changes, also termed atrial remodelling, that progress to overt clinical disease, manifesting as atrial fibrillation, heart failure and further to thromboembolism. The potential detection of subclinical atrial disease with imaging, biomarkers and other modalities offers a window opportunity for interventions that would prevent deterioration to clinical disease and could potentially allow reversal of subclinical disease. CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CT, computed tomography; ECG, electrocardiogram; RF, risk factors
Effects of climate change on the distribution of hoverfly species (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Southeast Europe
The global spread of misinformation on spiders
In the internet era, the digital architecture that keeps us connected and informed may also amplify the spread of misinformation. This problem is gaining global attention, as evidence accumulates that misinformation may interfere with democratic processes and undermine collective responses to environmental and health crises1,2. In an increasingly polluted information ecosystem, understanding the factors underlying the generation and spread of misinformation is becoming a pressing scientific and societal challenge3. Here, we studied the global spread of (mis-)information on spiders using a high-resolution global database of online newspaper articles on spider-human interactions, covering stories of spider-human encounters and biting events published from 2010-20204. We found that 47% of articles contained errors and 43% were sensationalist. Moreover, we show that the flow of spider-related news occurs within a highly interconnected global network and provide evidence that sensationalism is a key factor underlying the spread of misinformation