A LIVEBORN INFANT WITH TRIPLOIDY 69,XXX: CASE REPORT

Since liveborn babies with triploidy are quite rare, we report here a new case of a liveborn female baby, with a karyotype 69,XXX. Ultrasound examination of the fetus, in the 37th week (9th month) of uncontrolled pregnancy, discovered severe intrauterine growth restriction and olygoamnion. A sample of fetal blood was taken by cordocentesis, in order to analyze fetal chromosomes. Two days later, the liveborn child was delivered by Cesarean section and died the same day, 7 hours and 55 minutes later, due to respiratory insufficiency. Autopsy revealed deformity of the joints, ectrodactyly of feet, deformity of the face (large, low positioned ears, hypotelorism and hypoplastic mandibula), with irregular position of both hands, hypoplastic lungs, kidneys, suprarenal glands, gallbladder and thymus agenesis. Chromosome analysis performed from fetal blood lymphocytes taken by cordocentesis showed karyotype 69,XXX. We would like to emphasize the significance of a health education of pregnant women, in order to establish regular examinations, and thus improve diagnostic and disease management possibilities.Key words: Triploidy, multiple anomalies, cordocentesi

Uterine torsion in term pregnancy

Introduction Uterine torsion has been defined as a rotation of more than 45 degrees of the uterus around its long axis that occurs at the junction between the cervix and the corpus. The extent of the rotation is usually 180 degrees, although cases with torsion from 60 to 720 degrees have been reported. Aetiopathogenesis of this condition is still unclear. Establishing clinical diagnosis of this condition is difficult, but very important for reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Clinical symptoms are either absent or nonspecific, and the diagnosis is usually made at laparotomy. Case outlineA 31-year old patient was admitted to the Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, as an emergency, seven days upon the established intrauterine fetal demise in the 40th gestation week. On uterine examination, the cervical length of 1.5 cm and dilatation of 3 cm were determined, as well as a palpable soft tissue formation, not resembling placenta praevia. Ultrasound examination confirmed fetal demise and exclusion of the presence of placenta praevia. The labor was completed by caesarean section. During surgery, uterine torsion of 180 degrees to the right was diagnosed. There was a stillborn male baby, and the cause of death was intrauterine asphyxia. A fibrosing and calcified accessory lobe 9x6x2.5 cm in size was observed on placental examination, which is a possible sign of initial gemellary pregnancy. Conclusion The clinical presentation of uterine torsion is variable and clinical examination and ultrasonographic scanning may be insufficient for diagnosis. The method of choice for establishing the diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging. Once the diagnosis of uterine torsion in pregnancy is established, emergency laparotomy is indicated. Following caesarean delivery, it is necessary to surgically remove all the anatomical causes of torsion, and rotate the uterus back to its normal position. There are some authors who suggest bilateral plication of the round ligaments as a preventive procedure for repeated torsion in puerperium and following pregnancies. The effectiveness of this method requires further investigation. It is necessary to have in mind the possibility of uterine torsion in all cases of abdominal pain during pregnancy and dystocia

Spontaneous intra-abdominal bleeding in twin pregnancy: Case report

INTRODUCTION Spontaneous rupture of utero-ovarian vessels is a rare cause of haemoperitoneum in pregnancy, leading to significant maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Aetiopathogenesis of this condition is still unclear. Establishing clinical diagnosis of this condition is difficult, but very important. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and the diagnosis is usually made at laparotomy. CASE OUTLINE We report a case of spontaneous haematoperitoneum in the third trimester of twin pregnancy. Differential diagnosis included uterine rupture and placental abruption. Due to the deteriorated condition of the patient, it was decided to perform laparotomy which established the diagnosis of ruptured venous varices on the posterior uterine wall. Delivery was performed by caesarean section. The postoperative period was uneventful. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation of spontaneous rupture of utero-ovarian blood vessels is not specific and clinical examination and ultrasonographic scanning may be insufficient for diagnosis. Once the diagnosis of spontaneous haematoperitoneum in pregnancy is established, emergency laparotomy is indicated. Following caesarean delivery, it is necessary to establish surgical haemostasis. There are some authors who suggest leaving the pregnancy intact in cases when the fetus is not viable, although one must have in mind the possibility of recurrent bleeding. The safety of this procedure requires further investigation. It is necessary to have in mind the possibility of blood vessel rupture in all cases of abdominal pain and hypotension of unknown origin during pregnancy