Width of Sunspot Generating Zone and Reconstruction of Butterfly Diagram

Based on the extended Greenwich-NOAA/USAF catalogue of sunspot groups it is demonstrated that the parameters describing the latitudinal width of the sunspot generating zone (SGZ) are closely related to the current level of solar activity, and the growth of the activity leads to the expansion of SGZ. The ratio of the sunspot number to the width of SGZ shows saturation at a certain level of the sunspot number, and above this level the increase of the activity takes place mostly due to the expansion of SGZ. It is shown that the mean latitudes of sunspots can be reconstructed from the amplitudes of solar activity. Using the obtained relations and the group sunspot numbers by Hoyt and Schatten (1998), the latitude distribution of sunspot groups ("the Maunder butterfly diagram") for the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries is reconstructed and compared with historical sunspot observations.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures; accepted by Solar Physics; the final publication will be available at www.springerlink.co

К вопросу об экспертной оценке эффективности социальной работы с мигрантами в России

The paper presents an analysis of the state of the sphere of social work with migrants and problems in this sphere in Russia through the prism of expert assessments obtained during interviews with employees of government bodies, non-profit organizations, volunteer movements, and scientists. The main difficulties that migrants face during the adaptation are paperwork, access to information, legal and financial difficulties, employment issues.Analysis of the opinions of experts made it possible to identify measures of social work with migrants aimed at raising awareness, legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal protection, improving access to health care and education, housing, and the labor market, improving the professional skills of migrants and their knowledge of the Russian language, the history and socio-cultural foundations of the life of Russian society.Based on the results of the interview, the recommendations of experts in the field of social work with migrants and the possibility of applying unified social work practices that can improve the effectiveness of the system of social work with migrants and their families in Russia were highlighted. According to experts, integration with the host community allows migrants to adapt faster and more efficiently. In this regard, the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) that preserve the cultures of peoples and develop a dialogue between them is growing.Experts emphasize that in the sphere of social work, both at the state level and in the work of non-profit organizations, more attention should be paid to the possibility of applying unified practices that can improve the effectiveness of the system of social work with migrants and their families in Russia.В статье рассматривается состояние сферы социальной работы с мигрантами в России и определяется проблемное поле через призму экспертных оценок и интервью с представителями органов власти, НКО, гражданских инициатив и деятелей науки. Основными трудностями, с которыми сталкиваются мигранты в процессе адаптации, являются оформление документов, доступ к информации, юридические и финансовые трудности, вопросы трудоустройства.Анализ экспертных мнений позволил выделить основные меры социальной работы с мигрантами: повышение информационной осведомленности, правовой грамотности иностранных граждан, повышение уровня их правовой защищенности, улучшение доступа к услугам здравоохранения и образования, помощь в поиске жилья и трудоустройстве, повышение профессиональной квалификации и знания русского языка, истории и социально-культурных основ жизни российского общества.На основании проведенных интервью были выделены рекомендации экспертов в области социальной работы с мигрантами и возможности применения унифицированных практик социальной работы, способных повысить эффективность системы социальной работы с мигрантами и их семьями в России. Полученные результаты определяют положительную роль некоммерческих организаций (национальные культурные организации по сохранению и развитию культур, Дома дружбы народов), которые помогают мигрантам быстрее и эффективнее адаптироваться и интегрироваться в принимающем сообществе.Эксперты подчеркивают, что в сфере социальной работы как на государственном уровне, так и в работе некоммерческих организаций следует уделять больше внимания возможности применения унифицированных практик, которые могут повысить эффективность системы социальной работы с мигрантами и их семьями в России

On the issue of expert evaluation of the effectiveness of social work with migrants in Russia

The paper presents an analysis of the state of the sphere of social work with migrants and problems in this sphere in Russia through the prism of expert assessments obtained during interviews with employees of government bodies, non-profit organizations, volunteer movements, and scientists. The main difficulties that migrants face during the adaptation are paperwork, access to information, legal and financial difficulties, employment issues.Analysis of the opinions of experts made it possible to identify measures of social work with migrants aimed at raising awareness, legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal protection, improving access to health care and education, housing, and the labor market, improving the professional skills of migrants and their knowledge of the Russian language, the history and socio-cultural foundations of the life of Russian society.Based on the results of the interview, the recommendations of experts in the field of social work with migrants and the possibility of applying unified social work practices that can improve the effectiveness of the system of social work with migrants and their families in Russia were highlighted. According to experts, integration with the host community allows migrants to adapt faster and more efficiently. In this regard, the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) that preserve the cultures of peoples and develop a dialogue between them is growing.Experts emphasize that in the sphere of social work, both at the state level and in the work of non-profit organizations, more attention should be paid to the possibility of applying unified practices that can improve the effectiveness of the system of social work with migrants and their families in Russia